Topic: biological autonomy

Maxim Raginsky joins Paul Middlebrooks to examine brains, AI and biological autonomy through control theory. They discuss what behaviour reveals about a system's internal organisation, analog and digital descriptions, the relationship between control and cybernetics, active inference and the limits of computational accounts. The publisher offers a public episode and supporter access to its full archive.

Enaction plays a central role in the broader fabric of so-called 4E (embodied, embedded, extended, enactive) cognition. Although the origin of the enactive approach is widely dated to the 1991 publication of the book "The Embodied Mind" by Varela, Thompson and Rosch, many of the central ideas trace to much earlier work. Over 40 years ago, the Chilean biologists Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela put forward the notion of autopoiesis as a way to understand living systems and the phenomena that they generate, including cognition. Varela and others subsequently extended this framework to an e