Topic: cannabis

Cannabis activates the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), which elicits analgesic and emotion regulation benefits; nevertheless, it is accompanied by adverse effects that impede its medical applications. The selective activation or inhibition of G-protein or β-arrestin signaling cascades could potentially generate drugs with a more precise targeting profile and fewer adverse effects, ultimately expanding the therapeutic range. However, the lack of understanding of the mechanism of β-arrestin-1 (βarr1) coupling and signaling bias has hindered drug development targeting CB1. Here, we present the high