Cortical layers

The dynamic interplay of inhibitory and excitatory neurons drives the cortical functional repertoire. In the mammalian neocortex, inhibitory neurons are diverse. They are characterized by a variety of cellular attributes that enable their specialized roles in regulating information processing. It is increasingly clear that the major subtype specification of inhibitory neurons is given by their molecular identity, defined by techniques such as gene expression profiling. However, the molecular class alone provides limited insight into the anatomical, physiological, and connectivity properties of

…action, including proposed roles for cortical layers. He also describes brain-to-brain interfaces and neural co-processors that use artificial networks to restore or augment function, before discussing his separate work on the undeciphered Indus script.

While anatomical connectivity changes slowly through synaptic learning, the functional connectivity of neurons changes rapidly with ongoing activity of neurons and their functional interactions. Functional networks of neurons and neural populations reflect how their interactions change with behaviors, stimulus types, and internal states. Therefore, the information propagation across a network can be analyzed through the varying topological properties of the functional networks. Our study investigates the functional networks of the visual cortex at both the single-cell and population levels. Ou

Over recent years, there has been an increasing need for a better understanding of the identity and the roles of astrocytes and their involvement in cognitive abilities. Indeed, they play a crucial role in brain functions, they show primate-specific features, and they are relevant in several diseases. Investigations on astrocytes across evolution have rarely been performed. However, a comprehensive comparison of astrocytes in a diverse range of mammals is pivotal for understanding the morphology across species and the related modifications in gene expression and functions. Our project aims to

…layer activity generalize to deeper cortical layers. Cortical functional maps can be identified using electrophysiology with high temporal but spatially sparse sampling, impeding a holistic understanding of functional organization. Optical imaging can provide spatially extended sampling of cortical activity, but optical access is limited to about 1 mm depth, i.e. cortical layer 2/3 in larg

…the lower brain regions' superficial cortical layers to the higher areas' middle layers. Within this framewor

…distinct superficial and deep cortical layers of the V1 encode abrupt and sustained changes in light conditions in freely exploring animals remains unclear. To address this question, we recorded neuro

Understanding cortical circuit computations requires recording methods with both unrestricted access to the entire cortical column as well as the ability to record from defined cell types in multiple cortical layers simultaneously. 3-photon excitation satisfies the first requirement but has only been applied to multi-layer acquisitions when multiplexed with 2-photon excitation by complex optical systems. We present a simple 3-photon imaging method which achieves simultaneous single-cell resolution imaging of two cortical planes at a maximum axial separation of 800 μm. This constitutes the larg

A primary goal of cortical physiology is to explain how the cortex transforms incoming information to generate precise output behaviour. A recent work from our group show that cortical astrocytes are crucial to set the threshold detection of neuronal circuities across cortical layers to compute specific sensory modalities. But how can astrocyte help to set the sensibility of neurons in a modality-specific manner? By using in vivo electrophysiology and sensory experiments in fosTRAP2 mice, we show that disruption of cortical astrocyte activity impairs the transfer of information across the feed

Infrared neuromodulation (INM) is a safe optical method used to stimulate neuronal populations by locally changing the temperature within the brain tissue. Sleep and neural activity during sleep are highly temperature-dependent. During anesthetized in vivo measurements, the low-frequency components increase compared to vigilance. Therefore, we examined the changes in the frequency bands corresponding to delta and theta waves and sleep spindles during continuous infrared stimulation. The experimental device used for INM was a sharp-tip optrode, that holds an embedded waveguide that transmits in

…glial (RG) cells, which generate cortical neurons, and function as a scaffold along which new-born neurons migrate. Therefore we aimed to study the effect of maternal gut microbiota depletion during pregnancy on RG-led neurodevelopment. Female mice were treated with an antibiotic cocktail prior to and throughout pregnancy to deplete their gut microbiota. Embryonic b

…intensity in the infragranular layers of S1HL in chronic Th-SCI. However, it is unknown how decreased labeling of GAD67 could be related to altered inhibitory function of GABAergic interneurons across cortical layers after SCI. The present work has two aims: characterize the physiological effect of a chronic Th-SCI over the different GABAergic neuronal popul

…the transcriptome of the six cortical layers and adjacent white matter in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of 5 newborns, using Visium Spatial Gene Expression kits, followed by high-resolution i

…the development of vasculature in the cortical layers from embryonic day (E) 70 onwards (gestation in pig lasts 114 days). In all cortical layers, vessel volume from total brain volume at E100 resembled that of a postnatal day (P) 30 pigle

…It consists of 6 layers, each composed of specific types of neurons. Interconnectivity between cortical areas is critical for sensory integration and sensorimotor transformation. Inter-areal cortical projection neurons are located in all cortical layers and form a heterogeneous population, which send their axon across cortical areas, both within and across hemispheres. How this diversity emerges during development remains largely unknown. Here, we address this question by linking the con

Cortical dynamics obey a 1/f power law, exhibiting an exponential decay of spectral power with increasing frequency. The slope and offset of this 1/f decay reflect the timescale and magnitude of aperiodic neural activity, respectively. These properties are tightly linked to cellular and circuit mechanisms (e.g. excitation:inhibition balance and firing rates) as well as cognitive processes (e.g. perception, memory, and behavioral state). However, the physiology underlying the 1/f power law in cortical dynamics is not well understood. Here, we compared laminar recordings from human, macaque and