Topic: D2 receptors

Some psychiatric disorders are characterized by excessively optimistic or pessimistic predictions of future events, as well as changes in dopamine levels. However, how changes in dopamine could lead to biased value predictions is unknown. Here, we draw this link by examining the role of baseline dopamine levels in value learning. Value learning is thought to depend, in part, on synaptic plasticity driven by dopamine reward prediction errors (RPEs) acting upon D1 and D2 receptors in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the striatum. At reported striatal dopamine levels, D1 and D2 receptors are mostl

Executive function impairments are a common symptom of many psychiatric pathologies. They are correlated with impaired dopaminergic transmission originating from the midbrain within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and subcortical areas such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc). This mesocorticolimbic dopamine transmission is believed to be a key modulator of goal-directed behaviors and reward processing through its action on dopaminoceptive neurons expressing either D1 (D1R) or D2 receptors (D2R) in those target structures. However, the precise mechanisms by which this transmission enables an i

Dopamine (DA) release in the striatum regulates reward, motivation, and locomotion. The release is considered to have a short-lived phasic and continuous tonic component. Recent studies, however, have challenged the existence of tonic DA and revealed major regional diversity in extracellular DA dynamics. Here we build a large-scale three-dimensional model of extracellular DA dynamics in the dorsal (DS) and ventral striatum (VS) based on experimentally determined biological parameters. The model predicts rapid dynamics in DS with little-to-no basal DA, whereas the lower uptake capacity in VS sl

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to striatal dopamine deficiency. The A2A and D2 receptors form heteromeric complexes in striatal neurons that play an important modulatory role in fine-tuning motor control.The aim of this study was to assess, for the first time, the proportion of individual A2AR, of individual D2R and of A2AR-D2R heteromers (A2A-D2Het) present in a primate 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) PD model, with and without showing dyskinesias. This h

Motor cortex (MCtx) comprise the primary descending circuits for flexible control of voluntary movements and plays an important role in motor skill learning. The proposed mechanism for motor learning and updating is dopaminergic modulation of local neuronal activity. However, little is known about the organization of dopaminoceptive circuits in the MCtx. Therefore, we targeted cells expressing D1 and D2 receptors in the MCtx and discovered that neurons located in the superficial layer 2/3 have D2 receptors, whereas the majority of cells in deep output layers 5-6 express D1 receptors. We then i