Functional magnetic resonance imaging

Primates possess sophisticated social cognitive abilities, interpreting complex social cues and producing adaptive behaviors in real-time. These abilities are thought to rely on distributed circuits spanning sensory, limbic, and prefrontal brain regions. Despite some progress in identifying neural correlates of specific social features, such as gaze and social rank, a comprehensive computational framework linking social perception to behavior remains elusive; at least in part due to the high dimensionality of both the input space (complex social scenes) and the output space (diverse behavioral

…human brain are only rarely possible, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies proposed and described an indirect measure of entorhinal grid-cell activity, which is quantified as a hexadirectional modulation (HM) of fMRI activity as a function of the subject’s movement direction through a virtual environment. However, the contributing role of the aggregated activity of grid cells to this modulation remains unclear. Ou

…This functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) study investigated the effect of negative and positive arousal on memory of unrelated, neutral information presented following arousal exposure. Considering a decline in episodic memory retrieval and alterations in emotion regulation processes that occur in healthy ageing, we aimed to examine the effect of arousal on memory in young and old adults. Our findings indicate that both gr

…utility of three advanced neuroimaging techniques developed at established epilepsy surgery centers in the pre-surgical assessment at the recently designated District Epilepsy Center, Kingston Health Sciences Center (KHSC).Methods: Patients in the pre-surgical pathway were discussed in multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings (n

…Human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have delineated brain regions involved in salience detection, suggesting a feedforward propagation of brain activity from sensory to associative areas. Longstanding theories have emphasized the significance of the Locus Coeruleus – Norepinephrine (LC/NE) system in governing the levels of salience in sensory signals. However, causal evidence linking LC activity to alterations in

…this question, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging study (fMRI) using a categorization learning task. Across five blocks, participants learned to sort stimuli into two classes depending on their color compositions while undergoing 3 Tesla fMRI scanning. In the two sets, we also presented stimuli that shared most of their features with the respective other group (exceptions).

Learning information and making flexible, appropriate choices are essential in everyday life. Animal model studies indicate the mediodorsal thalamus (MD) plays an important role in learning and decision-making. It is proposed to be an active partner supporting communication between the frontal and medial temporal lobes and other subcortical structures. To understand the contribution of each brain structure, it is critical we know its function and its anatomical connectivity. The latter helps inform which cortical and subcortical structures interact and how information travels throughout the br

…Recent functional neuroimaging in healthy human participants has only examined this cognitive ability to guide decisions based on internalized rules when the behavioural output has a spatial component. The aim of the present

…In humans, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has revealed an increase in ventricular CSF flow during NREM sleep. However, the relationship between sleep and CSF flow remains unexplored in avian species.Our study breaks new ground by employing fMRI to observe nat

Whole-brain imaging methods such as functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) are widely used to examine intrinsic and task-evoked patterns of coordinated brain activity in humans. However, the application of task-based fMRI in preclinical species is complicated by the need to constrain animals within the scanner small bore. Recently, functional ultrasound imaging (fUS) has emerged as a promising technology to fill this gap, enabling neuroimaging investigations of the entire brain in behaving animals. To explore the potential of fUS, and demonstrate its validity against well-established tec

…and differences in areas of functional activation in response to semantic congruency. Semantic processing is refined throughout language development, reflected in amplitude and latency decreases of these ERP components and gradual activational segregation, with adult like patterns appearing between 10-12 y

Aims: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) processing may vary depending on the pre-processing steps, analysis strategy, thresholding and, therefore, the software itself. Pre-processing has been optimized in the pipeline fMRIPrep; however, the pipeline does not have a clinician-friendly interface and requires additional analysis steps to be performed elsewhere. We compare the results of language lateralization from fMRI when processed start-to-finish using two different popular open-source software packages, SPM12 and FSL or when preprocessed with fMRIPrep.Methods: Patients with epilep

Most of us can easily conjure up fictitious scenarios in front of our mind’s eye with great clarity. Neurally, these types of mental events rely on a neural network involving the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), hippocampus and visuoperceptual cortex. Whereas these brain regions have been associated with mental event construction earlier, the precise contributions of each node are hotly debated. For example, the vmPFC is usually associated with abstract, schema-like mental events, however we proposed earlier that the vmPFC may initiate and elaborate vivid, detail-rich mental events. The

Mounting evidence suggests that autobiographical memory is crucially dependent on our ability to construct visual mental images. Indeed, we have found previously that aphantasics (people who cannot construct mental images) have more difficulties to recall personal memories than controls and that aphantasics showed decreased hippocampal activation during autobiographical memory. While aphantasia is a subjective condition of deficient mental imagery, in a follow-up study, we examine the neural correlates of autobiographical memory in a very rare patient population, people who are blind from birt

…this relationship objectively, by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In a cross-sectional design, 28 male 20 to 30-year-old drivers were randomly included in the study. Each participant drove virtually in an fMRI-compatible driving simulator, after auditory and visual induction of positive, negative, and neutral mood; and fMRI was performed meanwhile to explore brain activity alterations. The analysis was performed using SPM software by performing seed-based conn

Over the last few years, substantial research efforts have been directed toward the field of awake fMRI in preclinical rodent models. The spread of high-field preclinical scanners as well as the translational potential of fMRI data make this a critical topic for neuroscience. However, because MRI is highly sensitive to movement, animals’ awake recordings remain a challenging task. Nowadays, head-fixation systems are the most common method to address the problem, as anesthesia strongly affects brain function. Although numerous effective constriction setups are available for mice, a user friendl

…to perform awake and unrestrained functional magnetic resonance imaging. To better und

…Furthermore, in combination with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), locally controlled neuronal firing and its physiological effects can be readily linked to changes in global brain activity

Maternal pre- and postnatal depressive symptoms influence brain development in offspring through intrauterine conditions as well as ways of parenting and mother–child interaction. This study investigated whether maternal perinatal depressive symptoms associate with child’s whole brain regional homogeneity (ReHo) and seed-based connectivity of the bilateral amygdala at 5 years of age based on the sample available from FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study (N = 68; 40 female). Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at gestational week 24, 3, 6, and

The brain activity measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is linked to the cognitive output. This type of activity is considered to be the top layer of processing and subsequently, it is considered to make up the ‘brain states’ that emerge from network interactions (McIntosh, 2000). Using empirical blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI data during rest (HCP dataset), this study investigates resting state (RS) dynamics. Our framework follows the hypothesis that there exists Structured Flows on the Manifold (SFM) that govern the dynamics of RS, akin to behavior dynamics (Pil

Humans use eye movements to sample the visual world, and these impact which information is retained in memory. However, memory is not only affected by the amount of time spent viewing a visual scene but also by specific gaze patterns during visual exploration. Revisitations occur when the eye gaze returns to a previously fixated location, resembling retrieval processes and offering another chance to encode. What remains unclear is whether revisitations actually enhance long-term memory formation and how they are associated with hippocampal activity dynamics. In this study, 50 human participant

…cocaine use disorder (CUD) using functional Magnetic Reson

Semantic symmetry (e.g., “intelligent” vs. “stupid”) is a key structural feature of semantic information that enhances the flexibility of human semantic cognition and communication. Although previous neuroscience research has extensively investigated the neural representation of semantic information using various approaches, it is still unclear how symmetric semantic information is represented in the human brain. To uncover the representational patterns of symmetric semantic information in the human cerebral cortex using a data-driven approach, we conducted voxelwise modeling of movie-evoked c

…applied an encoding modeling method to functional magnetic reso