GABAergic interneurons

During cortical development, GABAergic interneurons refine their connectivity in response to changes in activity of their postsynaptic targets, contributing to the establishment of functional neural circuits. Parvalbumin-expressing chandelier cells, a GABAergic interneuron subtype that forms axo-axonic synapses at the axon-initial segment (AIS) of pyramidal neurons, are optimally positioned to regulate network-wide spiking activity. It has been shown that chandelier cells change the number and density of their axon-targeting synapses onto L2/3 pyramidal neurons following chronic changes in net

…deficits in specific subpopulations of GABAergic interneurons. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms linking these observations are not fully understood. The activity-regulated gene Arc/Arg3.1 is rapidly up-regulated by acquiring novel experience, learning and memory, and synaptic plasticity-inducing stimuli1,2. Acute stress has also been reported to elevate the levels of Arc/Arg3.1 mRNA o

Somatostatin (SST) is a neuropeptide which expression characterizes a subpopulation of GABAergic interneurons. SST exerts its physiological role through 5 G protein-coupled receptors. This neuropeptide is of great interest in the pathophysiological context as a deficit of SST is observed in many neurological diseases, such as epilepsy. In the hippocampus, the effects of SST on the principal cells are known. It inhibits excitatory synaptic transmission by decreasing glutamate release from pyramidal neurons and reduces their intrinsic excitability by facilitating currents carried by Kv7 channels

…emphasize parvalbumin-positive (PV+) GABAergic interneurons as a key component in the development of schizophrenia symptoms, with reduced PV protein levels found in cortical PV+ interneurons in individuals with schizophrenia. Rodent models of schizophrenia indicate that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is the main structure where PV neurons exhibit aberrant function. However, it is still

The claustrum is a telencephalic nucleus that likely dates back to the common ancestor of amniotes. It is one of the most highly connected regions of the mammalian brain, with massive reciprocal projections to the cerebral cortex and certain subcortical regions. The function of this “brain hub” still remains elusive but several hypotheses emerged, such as the claustrum being crucial for some attentional processes and cognitive control, but also for the modulation of cortical slow-wave synchronization during sleep and quiet wakefulness (Narikiyo, Nat.Neurosci 2020; Marriott, Cell Rep. 2024). Us

…being locally projecting neurons or interneurons. Despite their low numbers, interneurons play a crucial role in regulating the flow of information within the striatum and to other brain nuclei, thereby having significant implications for motor control and cognition.We recently identified one of the most abundant populations of GABAergic interneurons in the striatum that express Pthlh and varying levels of Pvalb, which correlates with intrins

Hippocampal Interneurons are heavily myelinated but show differences in composition/distribution and myelin function. Contactin-2 (CNTN2 or TAG-1), an adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily, expressed in glia and axons, organizes the juxtaparanodal region of myelinated fibers and clusters voltage-gated potassium channels under the myelin sheath. CNTN2 has a dynamic spatial and temporal expression and is implicated in migration during development as well as in neuropathology (multiple sclerosis, AD). We have shown that a significant population of hippocampal GABAergic interneurons

…excitatory neurons, the impact on GABAergic interneurons is equally crucial. Understanding potential disruptions is essential for comprehensive insights into

Dysfunction of GABAergic interneurons during sensitive time windows plays a crucial role in the etiopathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders. GABAergic transmission through Cl-permeable GABAA receptors (GABAAR) is depolarizing in pyramidal neurons of the CA1 region of the hippocampus of the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome. This depends on the upregulation of the Cl-importer NKCC1 and leads to an impairment of synaptic plasticity and memory in Ts65Dn adult mice. Accordingly, inhibiting NKCC1 rescues the Ts65Dn phenotype. However, the contribution of specific interneuron subpopulations t

…cells (firstOPCs) and most of GABAergic interneurons, which die postnatally within the same period. Furthermore, firstOPCs and most interneurons share common embryonic origins. Here we investigated how PCD of both firstOPCs and their lineage-related interneurons impact behavior and cortical networks. We used behavioral assays, patch-clamp recordings and immunostainings in two mouse models in

…consistently revealed alterations of GABAergic interneurons, particularly lower levels of GAD67 and parvalbumin in cortical parvalbumin interneurons (PVs). A deficient maturation of PVs could relate to the neurodevelopmental aspect of schizophrenia since normal wiring of cortical circuits relies on this process. We have previously shown that mice with an early postnatal NMDA receptor ablation in corticolimbic GABAergic interneurons –predominantly PVs– present schizophrenia-like phen

…In the rodent thalamus, GABAergic interneurons are locatedalmost exclusively in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), where they regulate the excitation of the rest of thalamic nuclei, such as the Ventral Posterolateral (VPL) andMediodorsal (MD). Many of these interneurons express parvalbumin (PV), a calcium bindingprotein, and their somata and proximal dendrites are surrounded by a specialized region ofextracellular matrix, the perineuronal nets (PNNs). Recent studies have

…However, GABAergic interneurons are key players in orchestrating the dynamic of excitatory neuronal networks during this process. Thus, the excitatory synapses onto interneurons are central to this control as they constrain pyramidal-cells activity and set synaptic plasticity at excitatory-excitatory synapses. Nonetheless, how, when and where plasticit

…overshadowed in research, the GABAergic interneurons play a crucial role in modulating network activity. Our research leverages genetic and immunofluorescent markers to dissect the morphological variance among inhibitory neuron subpopulations, focusing on the axon initial segments (AIS) — key sites for action potential generation. Our study captures the extensive diversity of proximal interneuron morphologies within the murine

GABAergic interneurons (INs) and their maturation play a pivotal role in various brain functions, with implications for a wide spectrum of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Among the key regulators of GABAergic inhibition, the cation chloride co-transporter KCC2 is central; influencing interneuronal function, CNS development, plasticity, and disease pathology. While KCC2's role in principal neurons’ transition of GABAergic signaling from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing is well-documented, its expression patterns and functional significance in interneurons, particularly during early neona

…mediate some of the effects of ELS on GABAergic interneurons. Aims: To study the effects of the ELS on the circuitry of the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) and assess the potential of GluK1 as a tool for phenotype rescue.Methods: Limited bedding and nesting model of ELS was used in WT and PV-Cre mice and validated using standard behavioral tests in adults. Electr

…for reward-related processes, with its interneurons having significant potential to control NAc output signals. However, their involvement in the chronification of pain has not been investigated until now.In this study, we performed patch-clamp recordings of cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) and GABAergic interneurons positive for parvalbumin (PV-GaIs) and somat

…GABAergic deficits, particularly in somatostatin (SST) interneurons, play a crucial role in RTT pathophysiology and have been successfully replicated in mouse models. This study delves deeper into understanding the role of GABAergic interneuron inhibition in an RTT mouse model. Neonatal injections were administered to Mecp2tm1.1Bird x Sst-IRES-Cre mice at P1,

…of molecularly-defined subtypes of GABAergic interneurons in circuits and behaviors, it has been debated if cells belonging to the same molecular and morphological type, for example parvalbumin-expressing basket cells, do homogeneously engage in circuit operations in behaving animals. This can only be studied if the identity of the recorded cell is unambiguously determined. We have established a method to optotag juxtacellularly-recorded neurons in freely-moving rats performing a decision-making task to investigate the operational he

…where they produce olfactory bulb interneurons and dentate gyrus granule cells throughout life. In specific conditions the genesis of new neurons can occur also outside these niches in the adult brain parenchyma. This ectopic neurogenesis is prominent in the striatum where it occurs in both physiologic, in adult rabbits and adolescent guinea pigs, or pathologic conditions, such as mouse models of both progressive and acute neuronal degeneration.

The basal ganglia (BG) are involved in various functions such as movement regulation and decision-making. As the main input structure, the dorsal striatum constitutes the primary integration hub for sensory and motor, cortical and subcortical information. Exploring BG function requires analyzing how striatal neurons select and integrate sensory information. Studies of corticostriatal connectivity have long been centered on striatal projections neurons (SPNs), representing approximately 95% of the striatal cells and our group has recently showed the discrete nature of their sensory innervations

…to altered inhibitory function of GABAergic interneurons across cortical layers after SCI. The present work has two aims: characterize the physiological effect of a chronic Th-SCI over the different GABAergic neuronal popul

…migration and differentiation of GABAergic interneurons resulting in a broad clinical spectrum, including autism spectrum disorders, early-onset epileptic encephalopathy, intellectual disability, and schizophrenic disorders. SP9 is a transcription factor belonging to the Krüppel-like factor and specificity protein family, the members of which harbor highly conserved DNA binding domains. SP9 plays a central role in interneuron development and tangential migration, but it has not yet been implicated in a h

…a large majority of neurons, including GABAergic interneurons (INTs). Recent studies showed evidence of disrupted hippocampal plasticity in conditional APP KO of GABAergic forebrain neurons (Mehr et al, 2020). However, the physiological functions of APP at inhibitory synapses remain to be defined. We to study the role of APP at inhibitory synapses onto CA3 pyramidal cells (PCs) as well as on the overall inhibitory balance within the CA3 network. We combine slice electrophysio