Topic: Iba1

PACAP is a neuroprotective peptide in Parkinson’s disease models. Earlier we compared the substantia nigra of PACAP knockout (KO) and wild type mice (WT) of different ages and did not find significant changes in the cell number of dopaminergic neurons, but in ageing PACAP KO mice we detected higher number of resting microglia. Our aim was to examine the ventral tegmental area (VTA), which has important function in the regulation of social behavior.We examined the VTA of WT [n=5-5-5] and PACAP KO mice [n=5-4-5] aged 1.5,4, and 8 months. We used triple labelling, dopaminergic neurons were staine

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an intractable neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. Despite an unknown etiology, its pathophysiology is considered to be heterogeneous. Recent reports have highlighted the presence of disease-associated microglia (DAM) in the lesions of various neurodegenerative diseases, including that in ALS model animals. However, limited information is available regarding DAM in sporadic cases of ALS in humans.Methods: This study analyzed data from 30 patients with ALS. Autopsy samples of cervical and lumbar lesions obtained from each p

Opioid misuse for pain management has become a major global health problem, causing what has been called the opioid epidemic. Recently, D3 receptor (D3R) antagonists have arisen as a potential treatment to enhance cognition in memory-related diseases. In this work, we first used a 3-day extinction training (ET) previously reported to be successful to extinguish opiates-seeking behaviours motivated by their withdrawal-related contextual memories, such as the morphine withdrawal-induced conditioned place aversion (CPA) in rats. Secondly, we evaluated the impact of D3R blockade in the extinction

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau neuropathology, neuroinflammation, lipid dysregulation, and progressive loss of cognitive functioning. We have evidence that early dietary interventions with ω6/ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can protect against cognitive decline and lastingly alter microglia and brain lipid profile in the context of early-life stress​. PUFAs can directly modulate microglia. In the context of AD, it is unknown if lipid and PUFA derivatives (oxylipins) are dysregulated in the brain, how these rel

Background: Microglia activation is an early response in ischemic brain injury, which initiates neuroinflammation. Microglia express Sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1R) at the mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM) of the endoplasmic reticulum(ER), which have been implicated in cellular stress responses. Here we set out to evaluate whether the Sig-1R agonist N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) modulates microglia activation. Materials and methods: Isolated microglia cultures were prepared from the cortex of neonatal Sprague Dawley rats. On day 6, the cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS;20ng/ml) o

In this study, we aimed to elucidate the anatomical and ultrastructural characteristics of CNS border-associated macrophages (BAMs) in the context of ischemic stroke. At 7 days after ischemia, the number of BAMs, identified by the expression of CD206, Lyve1, and Iba1, increased compared to the contralateral cortex. They were primarily distributed along the meninges and PVS within the lesion core, while their presence within the extravascular parenchyma was limited. Notably, a subset of BAMs did not express Lyve1 in the meninges and PVS. The heterogeneity of BAMs based on their morphology and m

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) triggers neuroinflammation including the recruitment and activation of immune cells. T-cells in particular, have been shown to promote the evolution of secondary injury following ischemic stroke, however their role in SAH is still unclear.In this study we aimed to evaluate T-cells’ recruitment in the brain of SAH-injured mice to next investigate their specific role in injury progression.Adult C57BL/6J mice were subjected to SAH by blood injection in the prechiasmatic cistern or sham procedure and sacrificed at 3 or 7 days-post-injury (dpi). Sensorimotor deficits w

The dynamic role of neuroinflammation in diverse neurological disorders is still poorly characterized but could represent a promising avenue for therapeutic interventions. Here we aimed at characterizing brain-wide response of microglia to ischemic stroke in mouse. Microglia, the frontline responders to ischemic stroke, is known to exhibit diverse morphology and gene expression in response to diverse stimuli and depending on tissue context, yet how their activation signature propagates across the brain in response to local stroke has remained unknown. Here we established a whole-brain three-di