Topic: inflammasome

ATP/Adenosine, a type of neurotransmitter, has recently attracted attention as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and has been reported to play an important role in the induction of inflammation via inflammasome. On the other hand, there have been few reports on in vivo measurements of ATP and adenosine in the synaptic cleft and/or extracellular spaces.Generally, in vivo measurement of neurotransmitter content in the synaptic cleft and/or extracellular spaces has been performed mainly by invasive methods such as micro dialysis. However, recently, GPCR-activation-based (GRAB) sensor w

Neural cells and tissue injury lead to abundant release of ATP from the cell. Additionally, ATP could be cut loose through the activated Pannexin 1 hemichannels. Extracellular ATP could activate P2X7R, P2 ligand-gated ion channels, activating the inflammasome in microglia and astrocytes. P2X7R and Panx1 could create forward feedback loop, that potentiates and drives the chronicity of previously initiated neuroinflammation. Both P2X7R and Panx1 are upregulated in multiple neurodegenerative diseases, hypoxia, injuries, depression, epilepsy, and pain. Targeting one or both P2X7R and Panx1 has bec