Topic: Katalin Karikó

Science writer Matt Kaplan discusses researchers whose ideas met institutional resistance, including Ignaz Semmelweis and Katalin Karikó. Drawing on his book I Told You So!, he considers how scientific incentives and organizational structures shape acceptance of new findings, and what reforms might better support high-risk research.

Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman explain the scientific development of messenger RNA as a therapeutic platform. Their lectures address why laboratory-produced RNA can trigger inflammatory responses and how modification of its nucleosides changes immune recognition and improves protein production. The programme connects those molecular findings with the practical challenges of making RNA stable and delivering it into cells, including lipid-nanoparticle formulations. It follows the development of modified mRNA from a difficult experimental material to a foundation for vaccines and other therapeu