Neutrophils

N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a neurological disorder mediated by autoantibodies targeting the NMDAR. Patients’ autoantibodies are pathogenic, as they cause neuronal dysfunction in vitro, and molecular and behavioral changes in mouse models of cerebroventricular transfer of patients’ antibodies. Active immunization models have confirmed these effects and informed on the development of adaptive immune responses. Here we aimed to characterize the accompanying innate immune response and how this contributes to disease pathogenesis. Female C57BL/6 mice were immunized with N

…Infiltrated immune cells include neutrophils, monocyte-derived macrophages, and T-cells. Most of preclinical studies evaluated this response in two SCI models: contusion (CT) and transection (TS); having distinct mechanical action modes on spinal c

Recent data propose that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) should be considered as a systemic disease with a strong immune component. However, direct targeting of the immune system contribution to AD has been so far minimally explored. Here, by using a systems biology approach based on network integration of text mining and genomic data, we identified glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) as a target that may modulate neutrophil function and, in turn, down-regulate the immune system related damage in AD. Pharmacological and siRNA modulation, performed in differentiated HL-60 cells and primary neutro

Globoid cell Leukodystrophy Disease (GLD) is a neurodegenerative life-threatening disease caused by genetic defects in the lysosomal enzyme galactosylceramidase (GALC). There is no cure for GLD. Treatment options are still very poor. Here, we consider GLD pathogenesis from an entirely new angle, changing the focus from the neurons and oligodendrocytes to the non-parenchymal brain cells. Meninges host neural stem/precursor cells with neuronal differentiation potential and are emerging as injury-induced site in many neurodegenerative diseases. To study the involvement of meninges in GLD pathogen

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in young adults. A key factor in the aftermath of TBI is the response to pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin(IL)-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-17, and interferon-γ (IFNγ). This preclinical study examined key cytokine-producing cells post-TBI in mice.Adult C57BL/6J male mice underwent controlled cortical impact or sham surgery. Mice were euthanized, and brains harvested acutely at 3 hours (h), 6h, 12h, 24h post-injury, or subacutely at 3, 10, and 28 days post-injury (DPI). Mononuclear cell

…under systemic inflammatory conditions neutrophils can become activated and stiffen, they may potentially contribute to capillary stalling of higher frequency and duration. In this study, low dose intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered to transgenic mice with fluorescent capillary pericytes, to induce a low