Non-human primates

The ability to combine simple learned elements (primitives) and create novel complex behaviors is a fundamental aspect of cognition in biological brains. However, composing computational primitives in artificial neural networks remains a significant challenge, suggesting that biological systems may possess structural priors which enhance this capability. In this study, we examine the mechanisms by which network structure facilitates flexible compositions of computational primitives. To investigate this question, we analyze recurrent neural networks (RNNs) that perform a temporal vector additio

…which investigates brain networks in non-human primates, using modular open-source tools, methods, and services to balance standardization and adaptabili

…and emotional processing in non-human primates remains a significant challenge in neuroscience. In primates, studies using neuroimaging techniques such as fMRI, and electrophysiological recordings have identified several voice-sensitive cortical areas, i.e., the so-called voice patches. These voice patches are believed to be crucial for processing and distinguishing various vocalizations made by individuals of the same species (see for review Belin et al. 2018; and Bondin et al. 2021). In this study, we used fMRI (0.6 isotropic vox

…which investigates brain networks in non-human primates. We build on a set of modular open-source tools, methods, and services (https://gin.g-node.org/In2PrimateBrains/DataWorkflow) to achieve workflows that balance standardization with adaptability.Meta

…function, are believed to arise in primates, with the development and expansion of the granular prefrontal cortex (PFC). For example, in vivo extracellular recordings from behaving non-human primates (NHPs) have shown that persistent firing representing the contents of working memory can be found in lateral PFC but is absent in early sensory areas such as primary visual (V1) cortex. However, the mechanistic basis of potentially unique primate PFC circuitry remains speculative, partly due to the lack of data on the biophysical and m

AIMS: Sharp-wave ripples (SWR) are high frequency events recorded in the local field potential (LFP) of the hippocampus of rodents and humans. During neurological conditions such as epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease, changes on the waveforms of SWRs are considered as biomarkers of dysfunction. However, SWR features cannot be fully characterized by spectral methods alone.METHODS: Here, we introduce a machine learning (ML) toolbox resulting from a community-based hackathon, that operates over high-density LFP recordings to detect hippocampal SWR. We train a wide variety of ML architectures (suppo

…multi-electrode recording in non-human primates (NHPs). We chronically implanted Utah arrays in dorsolateral PFC, ventrolatera

Reaction time (RT), that is the time it takes for an action plan to be executed, has been the interested of numerous studies. Of particular focus has been the RT in the context of perceptual ambiguities, when evidence towards taking a certain action must be integrated over time in order to execute the correct action. The stochastic drift diffusion model explains how such integration leads to the observed variability in RT, but what explains RT variability in a task where there is no ambiguity in what action will be rewarded?We trained recurrent neural network models to perform a delayed memory

…via sonogenetic stimulation in non-human primates (NHPs).Methods: In consequence, we proceeded to obtain retinotopic maps of NHP’s

In the pursuit of restoring vision for patients having lost the eye-brain connection, ultrasound stimulation is a new interesting therapeutic approach at the cortical level. In particular, Sonogenetic therapy has been explored as a mean to increase the sensitivity of cells to ultrasound by expressing a mechanosensitive ion channel in the membranes of cells of interest in order to modulate their activity.In order to optimize sonogenetics for vision restoration, we first focused on exploring the properties of different mechano-sensitive ion channels, the key parameters being the spatial and temp

…standardized preclinical testing in non-human primates (NHP). However, targeting deep brain structures such as the hippocampal formation in NHP still remains a challenging task. Here, we present a technological framework for submillimeter targeting of the hippocampal formation in macaque monkeys

Primates excel at reasoning about physical scenes comprised of objects, flexibly generalizing to novel compositions of objects. Many cognitive theories attribute this capacity to structured representations in working memory called “object files” that encode object features in independent subspaces that can be readily retrieved and processed. However, these theories remain largely un-tested in the primate brain. We developed a task for non-human primates (NHPs) that requires remembering the positions and identities of multiple objects on a visual display. In some conditions the objects move und

…mechanism in the frontal cortex of non-human primates consistent with predictive processing of temporal events. We found that the speed of neural dynamics is precisely adjusted according to the average time of an expected stimulus. This speed adjustment, in turn, enables neurons to encode stimuli in terms of deviations from expectation. Th

…making using single unit recording in non-human primates and magnetoencephalography in humans. At a macr

If only those behaviours evolve that increase the actor’s own survival and reproductive success, then it might come as a surprise that cooperative behaviours, i.e. providing benefits to others, are a widespread phenomenon. Many animals cooperate even with unrelated individuals in various contexts, like providing care or food. One possibility to explain these behaviours is reciprocity. Reciprocal cooperation, i.e. helping those that were helpful before, is a ubiquitous and important trait of human sociality. Still, the evolutionary origin of it is largely unclear, mainly because it is believed