Topic: oxidative stress

Epileptogenesis is a gradual and dynamic process leading to difficult-to-treat seizures. Several cellular, molecular, and pathophysiologic mechanisms, including the activation of inflammatory processes. The use of human brain tissue represents a crucial strategy to advance our understanding of the underlying neuropathology and the molecular and cellular basis of epilepsy and related cognitive and behavioral comorbidities, The mounting evidence obtained during the past decade has emphasized the critical role of inflammation in the pathophysiological processes implicated in a large spectrum o

Epileptic seizures render the brain uniquely dependent on energy producing pathways. Studies in our laboratory have been focused on the role of redox processes and mitochondria in the context of abnormal neuronal excitability associated with epilepsy. We have shown that that status epilepticus (SE) alters mitochondrial and cellular redox status, energetics and function and conversely, that reactive oxygen species and resultant dysfunction can lead to chronic epilepsy. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory pathways have considerable crosstalk and targeting redox processes has recently been sho

Development of new medications for mental health conditions is a pressing need given the high proportion of people not responding to available treatments. We hope that presenting ebselen to a wider audience will inspire further studies on this promising agent with a benign side-effects profile. Laboratory research, animal research and human studies suggest that ebselen shares many features with the mood stabilising drug lithium, creating a promise of a drug that would have a similar clinical effect but without lithium’s troublesome side-effect profile and toxicity. Both drugs have a common bio

Carnosine is a natural dipeptide widely distributed in mammalian tissues and exists at particularly high concentrations in skeletal and cardiac muscles and brain. A growing body of evidence shows that carnosine is involved in many cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress, including inhibition of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation, modulation of nitric oxide (NO) metabolism, and scavenging both reactive nitrogen and oxygen species. Different types of cells are involved in the innate immune response, with macrophage cells representing those primarily activated, especially under different dis

A long-term treatment with antidepressants reduces the risk to develop AD and different second-generation antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are currently studied for their neuroprotective properties in AD. An impairment of neurotrophic factors signaling seems to be a common pathophysiological event in depression and AD. In particular a deficit of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and increased oxidative stress have been found both in depression and AD. In the present work the SSRI fluoxetine and the new multimodal antidepressant vortioxetine were test

Accumulation of heavy metals (Mn and Ni) and prolonged exposure to stress are associated with adverse health outcomes. Various studies have elucidated individually the impacts of stress and metal exposures on brain constituents and function. However, no study has examined the effects of co-exposure to stress, Mn, and Ni in the brain. This study addresses this gap by evaluating oxidative and glial responses, apoptotic activity, as well as cognitive processes in a rat model. Adult Wistar rats were exposed to vehicle (control), restraint stress, 25mg/kg of manganese (Mn) or nickel (Ni), and combi

It is challenging to create chemical-induced models of Alzheimer’s disease without using genetically bred animals. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) streptozocin (STZ) administration at a sub-diabetogenic dose can serve as a viable model for cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease via a disruption of glucose and energy metabolism in the brain, accompanied by oxidative stress and a concurrent impact on cognitive function. The aim of this study is to evaluate the behavioral results of once or twice injections of the ICV STZ administration methods. ICV guide cannulas were placed unil

The liver, responsible for regulating the metabolism of the body; the kidney, the most important organ for waste elimination, and the spleen, in charge of filtering the blood and producing lymphocytes, are now considered to have clearance functions in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) eliminating Aβ from the brain. In the present work, we used different levels of study to examine the status and involvement of these three organs in 16-months-old male and female 3xTg-AD for AD and compared them to C57BL/6 counterparts with physiological aging, in two different social scenarios. All three organs presented

Aim: Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers inflammatory response by activation and accumulation radical oxygen species (ROS). Cell therapy has no effective long term recovery outcomes due to presence of ROS in lesion site increase the death rate of transplanted cells.One efficient approach to address this issue is adding adjuvants like neurotrophic factors and antioxidants, among them melatonin has been reported to play a key role in neuroprotectection. The melatonergic treatment is remarkably associated with scavenger oxidative stress and cell proliferation. The purpose of this study is the impac

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease, defined by motor neuron loss, muscle paralysis, and death. ALS individuals often present alterations in cardiovascular function that may evolve into heart failure and death. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are key players in ALS pathophysiology. Thus, improving mitochondrial function and/or antioxidant capacity constitute promising therapeutic strategies to delay ALS progression. We hypothesized that mitochondria-targeted antioxidant AntiOxCIN4 can reduce cardiac oxidative/nitrosative stress in SOD1G93A ALS mice

Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are crucial phenomena in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). Oxotremorine-M (Oxo), a non-selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptors agonist, exerts neurotrophic functions in primary neurons and modulates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation phenomena in rat brain. Based on this, our study investigates Oxo positive effects on differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, revealing that Oxo treatment a) enhances cell survival, b) increases neurite length and c) upregulates HSP70 and pHSF1 expression. Moreover, Oxo counteracts tert–Butyl hydroperox

Dementia, a complex, incurable clinical syndrome marked by progressive cognitive decline, encompasses various types, with Alzheimer's disease (AD) being the most prevalent. The annual increase in AD cases underscores the urgency for innovative antidementia treatments. Mansorin A (MA) and mansonone G (MG) exhibit antioxidant effects on the central nervous system. Given the close association between oxidative stress and AD pathology, MA and MG might alleviate AD-like symptoms. To investigate the anti-dementia potential of MA and MG, the promnesic, anxiolytic, and antioxidant potential of MA and

The proportion of aged individuals in the general population is increasing, and non-communicable diseases like obesity are major contributors to mortality in older individuals. The WNIN/Ob obese rat exhibits a significantly reduced average lifespan of 15 months. Exploring molecular and biochemical characteristics of these rats can establish them as appropriate model for studying the neurobiology of aging and obesity.We investigated the growth characteristics and lifespan of WNIN/Obobese rats, examined neuronal-glial changes, levels of oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme activity, and DNA dama