Topic: P-waves

Sleep is an essential process observed throughout the animal kingdom, and it is important for memory consolidation. Coordinated neuronal activity occurs during sleep, characterized by distinct events across different sleep states. Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep features slow oscillations, delta waves, thalamocortical spindles and hippocampal sharp waves-ripples, while REM sleep is dominated by hippocampal theta oscillations and ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves, or pontine waves (“P-waves”) in rodents. Even though their origin from mesopontine cholinergic and glutamatergic nuclei is kn

Sleep is present throughout the animal kingdom, but its function remains to be fully determined. Rapid eye movement sleep (REM) is characterised by muscle atonia, heightened theta oscillations, and the occurrence of ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves or P-waves. The pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei (PPT/LDT) have been implicated in REM sleep generation, and their cholinergic neuronal activity was specifically associated with P-waves. However, the precise role of pontine cholinergic neurons in REM sleep remains elusive, particularly their impact on sleep architecture and P-w