Topic: P2X7R

The present study evaluated the effect of caffeic acid (CA) on behavioral learning and memory tasks in the diabetic state. We also evaluated the effect of this phenolic acid on the enzymatic activities of acetylcholinesterase, ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase, ecto-5-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase as well as on the density of M1R, α7nAChR, P2X7R, A1R, A2AR, and inflammatory parameters in the cortex and hippocampus of diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal dose of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). The animals were divided into six groups: control/vehicle;

Neural cells and tissue injury lead to abundant release of ATP from the cell. Additionally, ATP could be cut loose through the activated Pannexin 1 hemichannels. Extracellular ATP could activate P2X7R, P2 ligand-gated ion channels, activating the inflammasome in microglia and astrocytes. P2X7R and Panx1 could create forward feedback loop, that potentiates and drives the chronicity of previously initiated neuroinflammation. Both P2X7R and Panx1 are upregulated in multiple neurodegenerative diseases, hypoxia, injuries, depression, epilepsy, and pain. Targeting one or both P2X7R and Panx1 has bec