Topic: physical fitness

Exercise improves clinical state of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), while deterioration of glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes contribute to the progression of PD. Our aim was to assess the effects of exercise on cognitive functions, physical fitness, glucose and energy metabolism as well as on the molecular composition of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with PD. Patients (M:F 9:8) aged 61.1 ± 8.8yrs; H&Y score I-III, BMI 27.6 ± 5.4 kg.m-2, completed a 4-month supervised aerobic-strength training (3x1h weekly). Clinical state was assessed by the United-Parkinson-Disease-Ra

Hypoxia is increasingly seen as urgent physiological driving force, permitting cells within the brain and in other parts of the body to acclimate to lowered oxygen (O2) and reduced metabolism. The mediating transcription program is induced by inspiratory hypoxia but also by intensive motor-cognitive tasks, provoking a relative decrease in O2 in relation to the acutely augmented requirement. We named this essential, demand-dependent drop in O2 accessibility ′functional hypoxia′. Major players within the hypoxia reaction are hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) and associated prolyl-hydroxylases. HIF