Topic: small extracellular vesicles

Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system and play a vital role in cytoprotection by maintaining brain homeostasis via direct interaction and/or secretion of molecules and vesicles with neurons, other brain cells, and even themselves. Extracellular vesicles are involved in cell-to-cell communication by transporting bioactive molecules, such as miRNAs, to recipient cells. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that contribute to gene expression by silencing mRNAs, and it has been demonstrated that the content of the small extracellular vesicles includes miRNAs.

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cerebellar dysfunction and significant loss of Purkinje cells, with subsequent involvement of other brain regions, suggesting a potential disease-spreading mechanism. Our study sheds light on SCA2 pathogenesis by revealing the presence of mutant ATXN2 mRNA within small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). These sEVs demonstrate the ability to transport the mutant mRNA to recipient cells, leading to its translation and the formation of mutant protein aggregates, a neuropathological hallmark of SCA2.Additionally

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) presents a significant challenge to therapeutic interventions, necessitating the exploration of innovative strategies to manage its complex pathology. This study explores the relationship between autophagy and Transcription factor EB (TFEB) as a potential avenue for AD treatment. We demonstrate the therapeutic potential of TFEB in mitigating AD pathology by enhancing autophagy. Our strategy employs exosomes as vehicles for the targeted and efficient delivery of TFEB to affected cells. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles, are recognized for their ability to cross bio