Topic: TNF-alpha

SARS-CoV-2 virus can produce pathogenic molecules such as ssRNA, dsRNA, spike protein can be recognized by microglial cells. However, it’s not known whether exposure to these pathogens can result in microglia-mediated neuronal damage. We aimed to investigate whether SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein and repeated treatment with mRNA vaccines can induce microglial activation and neuronal death in mixed neuronal-glial co-cultures. We treated primary rat neuronal-glial co-cultures for 3 and 7 days with SARS-CoV-2 S1 recombinant protein or mRNA Original/Omicron B.A 4-5 and Tozinameran/Riltozinameran vaccines,

This study investigates the anti-inflammatory effects of ibrutinib in microglia inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) .To investigate the effects of ibrutinib on oxidative stress and inflammation in mouse microglial C8-B4 cell line, cells were treated with ibrutinib (1 and 10 μM) or vehicle (1% DMSO) for 1 h, followed by 1 μg/ml LPS or PBS in case of the control samples, for 23 h. Intracellular ROS was measured by using fluorescence microscopy using 2′,7′-dihydrofluorescein diacetate dye (DCFH-DA). Inflammatory mediator levels (NF kappa beta, TLR4, TNFalpha), and anti-inflammatory c

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) stands out as the most prevalent reproductive disorder affecting women, impacting hormonal and metabolic equilibrium. It can manifest as hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, anovulation, and infertility. PCOS is associated with various symptoms such as obesity, hirsutism, and acne, which, in turn, elevate the risk of conditions like endometrioma, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and irritable bowel syndrome. Previous data from our research indicated that PCOS accelerates pain perception in patients, yet the underlying mechanism remains elusive.In this

Sitagliptin, used for type-2 diabetes, inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), thus increasing insulin secretion. We found that sitagliptin protects the retina of diabetic animals, including type-1 diabetic animals, inhibiting nitrosative stress and neuroinflammation. We also showed that microglia-mediated neuroinflammation triggers retinal degeneration. Here, we investigated whether sitagliptin effects can be due to a direct inhibition of microglia reactivity, mediated by DPP-4 blockade, or if pleiotropic mechanisms can be involved. Primary mixed and organotypic rat retinal cell cultures and

Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a significant cause of disability and mortality in neonates. HI is characterized by acute energetic failure and secondary inflammatory response. The primary therapeutic intervention is hypothermia, which presents limited neuroprotective effects. Environmental approaches, such as skin-to-skin contact, have been highlighted for their benefits in brain development. Oxytocin (OT) is a neuropeptide with roles in parturition and social behavior, but it also modulates the microglial inflammatory responses. Therefore, the study of OT signaling can be helpful to bridge the gap