Topic: unpredictable chronic mild stress

Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a worldwide problem, especially among the elderly and epidemiological studies have found a link between VDD, cognitive decline and depression. However, it is unclear whether VDD directly drives the development of depression and cognitive decline or whether it is secondary to co-occurring pathology.In this study, we sought to determine whether long-term VDD causes memory impairments and depressive-like behavior alone or in combination with chronic stress and to elucidate co-occurring dysfunctions in neuronal and glial plasticity in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hip

Depression affects 30 million people worldwide, and women are diagnosed with this condition nearly twice as often as men. Cognitive impairments that develop during depression contribute to poor therapeutic outcomes and reduced quality of life. Recognizing the significance of sex as a variable in depression research, we investigated the procognitive properties of a multimodal compound- HBK-15 in female mice using two models of cognitive impairments: induced by NMDA receptor blockade or stress. We employed the object recognition test to assess intermediate recognition memory. We used MK-801 (NMD

Depression, affecting 280 million people worldwide, is marked by a significant treatment gap. Current therapies with delayed onset of action fail to alleviate the symptoms in almost half of patients, often neglecting the cognitive deficits. This highlights the critical need for fast-acting antidepressants with memory-enhancing properties. HBK-15, a multimodal compound, previously demonstrated antidepressant-, anxiolytic-like and antiamnesic effects in rodents. Our study aimed to explore HBK-15's potential in reversing stress-induced behavioral abnormalities and elucidating its underlying mecha