Topic: volumetric calcium imaging

Working memory, the process through which information is transiently maintained and manipulated over a brief period, is essential for most cognitive functions. However, the mechanisms underlying the generation and evolution of working- memory neuronal representations at the population level over long timescales remain unclear. Here, to identify these mechanisms, we trained head-fixed mice to perform an olfactory delayed-association task in which the mice made decisions depending on the sequential identity of two odours separated by a 5 s delay. Optogenetic inhibition of secondary motor neurons

Studies have linked prenatal nicotine exposure to neurobehavioral defects, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, behavioral issues and depression. Nicotine binds highly to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the habenula, perturbing cholinergic signaling. The evolutionary conserved habenula contains the largest density of nAChRs and is known as the aversive brain due to its role in mediating stress, fear and anxiety. Our research aims to understand how cholinergic signaling modulates the activity and function of the habenula. For this aim, we have generated zebra