Topic: weakly electric fish

Spike-driven adaptation involves intracellular mechanisms that are initiated by neural firing and lead to the subsequent reduction of spiking rate followed by a recovery back to baseline. We report on long (>0.5 second) recovery times from adaptation in a thalamic-like structure in weakly electric fish. This adaptation process is shown via modeling and experiment to encode in a spatially invariant manner the time intervals between event encounters, e.g. with landmarks as the animal learns the location of food. These cells also come in two varieties, ones that care only about the time since the

The evolution of the Na$^+$/K$^+$-ATPase in ancestral methanogenic archaea also lay the foundation for the energetics of energy-intensive signaling tissues like the metazoan nervous systems billions of years later [1]. The electrogenic property of this pump, which leads to activity-dependent feedback [2], seems a useful exaptation for certain encoding paradigms, cell-intrinsic bursting dynamics, and accelerated ion homeostasis [3-5]. For nerve and muscle cells that need to be tonically active for long stretches of time (on the order of minutes to hours), the electrogenicity of the pump has fur