As synchrotron radiation sources and X-ray free-electron lasers undergo major upgrades, they open unprecedented opportunities to reveal hidden processes in complex matter through operando and in situ experiments at ever shorter time and length scales. The X-Ray Science Gordon Research Conference brings together scientists and engineers to discuss advances in accelerator-based X-ray sources, strategies for data handling and real-time experiment steering, developments in detector technology and optics, and emerging applications to frontier scientific problems. An associated Gordon Research Seminar gives graduate students and early-career researchers a dedicated forum. As a Gordon Research Conference, the meeting presents cutting-edge and unpublished research with extended discussion after each talk, poster sessions open to scientists of all career stages, and informal exchange over communal meals.