Genetic predisposition to breast cancer : between studies of familial forms and population studies, what penetrance ?

Studies of families with inherited breast-cancer risk led to BRCA1 and subsequently many other susceptibility genes. This seminar examines how large-scale sequencing and population studies have refined tumour associations and penetrance estimates. It moves from a simple dominant-inheritance model toward multifactorial risk, considering genetic and environmental modifiers that could support individualized surveillance and management.