Topic: adult hippocampal neurogenesis

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) gives rise to new neurons throughout life. This phenomenon takes place in more than 120 mammalian species, including humans, yet its occurrence in the latter was questioned after a putative absence of neurogenesis markers in the adult human hippocampus was suggested. In this regard, we showed that prolonged fixation impedes the visualization of Doublecortin+ immature neurons in this structure, whereas a dilated post-mortem delay (PMD) has been suggested to underlie these discrepancies. Nevertheless, the individual and/or additive contribution of fixation an

In mice, social dominance has been associated with anxiety trait and reduced stress resilience. However, the underlying mechanisms of this association remain unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that adult hippocampal neurogenesis may underlie dominance behaviour and anxiety.First, our observations in group-housed males unveiled that dominant mice exhibited heightened trait anxiety and vulnerability to stress when compared to their subordinate counterparts. Furthermore, we observed a reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis specifically within the ventral hippocampus of stressed dominant mice.

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) occurs in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG) in mice and can be modulated by events such as hyperexcitability present in epilepsy. Evidence shows increased aberrant AHN in chronic severe epilepsy models; however, the impact of mild seizures remains to be explored. In this study, we administered intraperitoneally a low (5mg/kg) or a high dose (25 mg/kg) of kainic acid (KA) to Ascl1/Tom young mice (6-8 weeks) that allow us to target new neurons, to induce acute mild or acute severe seizures, respectively and evaluate differences in neurons b

Deficits in adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is a common feature in depression and Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Actually, depressive disturbances occur in 40–50% of patients with PD, influencing many clinical aspects of the disease. Indeed, PD patients and mice models exhibited fewer proliferating cells in the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus (DG). Since both regions comprise dopaminergic innervation and inputs from the nigrostriatal areas, it is plausible that dopaminergic system may exert some control over or under cytogenic brain regions.To investigate this, we used a transgenic rat (

The C-terminal binding protein 1 (CtBP1) is a ubiquitously expressed, dual-function protein. In the nucleus, it nucleates corepressor complexes that control chromatin-modification and gene expression. In the cytoplasm, it regulates membrane trafficking processes by controlling the membrane fission reaction. Our previous study revealed an involvement of CtBP1 in the control of neural activity‐regulated genes such as BDNF, Arc and Fos in the mature brain. Recently, individuals with a missense mutation in CTBP1 have been reported to have intellectual disability and neurodevelopmental problems. Th

Aging, both physiological and pathological, results in a widespread decline in cognitive, sensory, and motor functions. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a phenomenon that diminishes with age across various mammalian species and has been proposed as a significant factor linked to age-related cognitive deficits. Our laboratory's preliminary studies reveal that mice lacking the DREAM protein (dream -/-) exhibit cognitive improvement with aging, along with increased neurogenesis and greater development of immature neurons positive for DCX compared to wild-type mice of the same age. To further und

Our investigation delves into the intricate interplay between adult hippocampal neurogenesis, a pivotal constituent of long-term memory, and its susceptibility to stress. The ongoing hypothesis is that stress, by impeding neurogenesis, contributes to symptoms associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Our work explores the potential of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive constituent of cannabis, in mitigating stress-induced gene expression alterations in astrocytes, thereby fostering neurogenesis. The initial phase involves inducing cellular stress in an astrocyte-

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) occurs the dentate gyrus (DG) and is a dynamic process which functions in learning and memory. Increased AHN improves cognition and is therapeutic for neurodegeneration. However, loss of AHN is implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, thus understanding the mechanisms that modulate AHN could lead to targeted therapeutics. The master regulator of neuroinflammation, Interleukin-1 (IL-1), is a proinflammatory cytokine that signals via interleukin 1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) and decreases AHN. However, blockade of IL-1 signaling suppresses AHN indicating IL-1

Reduction of adult hippocampal neurogenesis is an early critical event in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), leading to progressive memory loss and cognitive decline.The nucleoporin Nup153, besides its role in nuclear transport, has been described as a key regulator of NSC plasticity through gene modulation. Here we investigated the potential role of Nup153 as target to improve neurogenesis in the 3xTg mouse model of AD in vitro and in vivo.We found that reduced Nup153 levels characterized NSCs from the 3xTg mice (AD-NSCs) and caused inefficient proliferation, migration and differentiation that were re

PIANP is a primarily neuronally localised protein which binds to the N-terminal domain of GABA-B receptors as well as the inhibitory immunoglobuline-like type 2 receptor PILRa [1]. In humans, a homozygous loss-of-function mutation of PIANP is associated with features of intellectual disability and global development delay whilst PIANP knockout mice display autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-like behaviour as well as heightened anxiety [2]. As we previously reported, PIANP knockout mice present with a different composition of telencephalic cell layers and increased neuronal apoptosis [2, 3]. Here,

Obesity is linked to neurodegenerative diseases through neuroinflammation. Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a cytokine that is upregulated in different neuroinflammatory disorders of diverse origin. PTN is a ligand and an endogenous inhibitor of Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (RPTP) β/ζ. To investigate the role of RPTP β/ζ, in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, we used the APP/PS1 genetic model of Alzheimer disease (AD) and a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity model. Three-month-old wild type (WT) mice were fed with standard chow or HFD (60 Kcal % fat) for three months. MY10, an exogenous R

Numerous reports have correlated lysine deficiency with cognitive decline; however, the effect of lysine deficiency on hippocampal neurogenesis has not yet been addressed in the literature. This study hypothesizes the impairment of hippocampal neurogenesis and thus hippocampal-related functions due to mild and severe induced dietary lysine deficiency. Here, we aim to observe the effect of mild and severe lysine deficiency on rodents' cognitive functions, memory, and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In this project, male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three randomized groups (8 rats

The generation of new neurons in the hippocampus, known as adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), is a distinctive plastic process that plays an important role in mechanisms of learning, memory, and mood regulation. Various factors intricately regulate the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of newborn neurons, shaping the neurogenic niche. Microglia and astrocytes, prominent niche components, actively regulate AHN. Microglia, acting as vigilant immune sentinels, shape AHN through direct interaction with immature neurons and the release of critical soluble factors. Similarly, astrocyte

Aim: Decrease in adult neurogenesis has been described to correlate with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, and we have previously demonstrated a causal link between Amyloid-beta oligomers (AβOs) accumulation in adult neural stem cells (NSCs) and reduced subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenesis in AD Tg2576 mouse model at pre-symptomatic stage. Here we investigated if AβOs targeting in the dentate gyrus of AD mice, both at pre-symptomatic and symptomatic stage, can rescue adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and recover AD-related memory deficits. Methods: Using a disease modifying gene-thera