Anxiety-like behavior

The interaction of the hippocampus and amygdala, crucial for the formation of emotional memories, may play a central role in the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, with amygdala hyperactivity regarded as a hallmark of PTSD, it is still not clear whether amygdala hyperresponsiveness before a traumatic event is a predisposing factor for the development of PTSD or is an acquired condition upon trauma. To address this question, in the current study, we explore the effect of heightened amygdala activity on anxiety and fear memory in the formation of hippocampal fear m

…individually, in the treatment of anxiety-like behavior that occurs along the thermal skin injury in rat for seven days. Methods: Anxiety level estimation was performed in the open field and the elevated plus maze te

…a central role in the regulation of behavior, including reward-related processes, affective states, and motor functioning. Specifically, recent work has revealed a sex-specific effect of Bmal1 expression in the striatum on voluntary alcohol consumption in mice: suppression in males and augmentation in females. Interestingly, Bmal1 expression in the nucleus accumbens, a striatal subregion known for its role in mediating reward processes, inhibits alcohol consumption in both males and females, thus indicating that other striatal sub

…to analyze the influences of SWS on anxiety-like behavior. Here we report that SWS induced by photostimulation immediately after social defeat prevents the development of anxiety disorder. We a

…realizing CO donor) on anxiety-related behavior and pain sensitivity in rats with experimentally induced CP/CPPS. CP/CPPS was induced in male rats by 3% λ-c

…5-HT neurons, we aim to evaluate: 1- behavioral phenotype, 2- synaptic changes in prefrontal cortex and striatum, and 3- possible sex-based differences. METHODS: Recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV2/5) encoding wild-type human a-Syn (h-a-Syn) were infused in r

…their presence may be confounded by an anxiety-like phenotype, and no study has tested anxiety and memory in the same animal model of ASs. Using

Trimethyltin (TMT)-induced neurodegeneration leads to molecular and behavioral changes similar to those of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) has shown promise in psychiatric and neurological disorders but remains largely unexplored in AD models. For this reason, a well-characterized animal model of TMT-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration was used to investigate, for the first time, the effects of cTBS on learning/memory and behavioral disturbances.Adult male Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: intact control, TMT (8mg/kg, ip) and TMT trea

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) emerges in the aftermath of a traumatic event, underscoring the pressing need for research into preventive treatments. Adrenal glucocorticoids induce short-term physiological adaptations necessary to cope with the threat. Evidence indicates that when administrated after trauma, glucocorticoids prevent the development of PTSD. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is a key structure for processing positive and negative valence which communicates bidirectionally with other regions to regulate the stress responses. The present study evaluates the efficacy of cortico

…can modulate neuronal functions and behaviors. In this study, we discovered that, despite never encountering natural predator

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is a prevalent form of drug-resistant epilepsy characterized by focal seizures originating from the hippocampus and surrounding structures. Neurostimulation provides an alternative to surgery-ineligible patients with intractable seizures. Hippocampal low-frequency stimulation (LFS) has shown antiepileptic effects in animal studies and small clinical cohorts, yet its long-term effects and mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates LFS effects on different types of epileptiform activity, spatial learning and anxiety, and synaptic plasticity.We used th

The heptapeptide angiotensin (Ang 1-7: Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro) is one of the main endogenous components of the protective arm of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Acting on the Mas receptor (MasR), it exhibits vasodilator, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. To improve its enzymatic stability, water solubility, and receptor affinity, some new structural analogs of the natural peptide Ang 1-7 with conformationally constrained amino acids have been synthesized, characterized, and tested for biological activity. Solid-phase peptide synthesis—the Fmoc-strategy

…populations with different effects on behavior. To better understand functional role of beta2* nAChRs, we need to know which neuronal types in the PFC express them and what is the effect of these receptors on behavior. In the present project, we used FISH to map the expressi

…mice can induce changes in affective behavior. In this study, we compared the behavior, gut-brain metabolomic profiles, and

…is manifested through cellular and behavioral changes including expression of anxiety, seizures and lethal outcome in higher doses. Ferulic acid is polyphenol organic compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in different tissues including neuroprotective effects in acute and chronic application. We hypothesized that it could ameliorate some of the lindane neurotoxic effects. Therefore, we investigated the effects of ferulic acid chronic supplementation on anxiety-like

…the amygdala region in modulating anxiety-like behavior in response to voluntary physical activity. We employed a stereotaxic instrument to implant two cannulae in the amygdala area, through which we administered the GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline. Subsequently, we exposed the animals to a running wheel for a duration of three hours over four weeks. Following this exercise regimen, we conducted behavioral tests, including the open field and elevated plus maze tests, to assess anxiety-like behavior. The findi

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a key regulator of body homeostasis and is involved in modulating brain functions. Two opposing arms are thought to constitute the RAS: the pressor arm consists of Ang II, and AT1 receptors, mediating vasoconstrictor, proliferative, and proinflammatory effects, and the AT2 receptor, which opposes the effects of the AT1R. The depressor arm includes angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2) and Ang-(1-7), which mediate vasodilatory, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects through the Mas receptor (MasR). This study aimed to elucid

…on the progression of emotional-like behavioral deficits in a rat model of neurotoxicity induced by 6-OHDA infusion into the dorsolateral striatum. We evaluated behavioral chang

…by intellectual disabilities, and behavioral patterns such as self-injury, and metabolic dysregulation. Nonetheless, little is known about the exact role of SMC3 in neuronal maintenance and gene expression especially in adulthood. This study aimed to determine the role of SMC3 in adulthood brain, using in-vivo models of adultho

In synucleinopathies, α-synuclein (α-syn) is thought to exist within a dynamic equilibrium, comprising both α-syn oligomers (OSyn) and more aggregated forms. OSyn has been associated to neurodegeneration, neurotoxicity, and proinflammatory responses, even at low concentrations and is thought to be involved in Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathogenesis.To date, it is not clear whether the neurotoxicity exerted by α-syn aggregates is due to the presence of scattered oligomeric species, anticipating the formation of proper fibrillary α-syn, or whether it is sustained by α-syn species that are already

Dementia, a complex, incurable clinical syndrome marked by progressive cognitive decline, encompasses various types, with Alzheimer's disease (AD) being the most prevalent. The annual increase in AD cases underscores the urgency for innovative antidementia treatments. Mansorin A (MA) and mansonone G (MG) exhibit antioxidant effects on the central nervous system. Given the close association between oxidative stress and AD pathology, MA and MG might alleviate AD-like symptoms. To investigate the anti-dementia potential of MA and MG, the promnesic, anxiolytic, and antioxidant potential of MA and

…light exposure on diabetes-associated anxiety-like behavior and brain oxidative stress in streptozotocin-treated rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: 1. control (C12/12), saline-treated group with light/dark cycle 12/12h; 2. saline-treated group on light/dark

…environment and adapt their future behavior. Impairments or alterations in contextual processing are hypothesized to be at the core etiology of psychopathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Current treatment options for anxiety- and trauma-related disorders are limited, mainly due to gaps in our knowledge regarding underlying brain circuits. These gaps are exacerbated since most conclusions from basic research were derived

The basolateral amygdala (BLA) regulates emotional behavior and reactions and its hyperexcitability is closely related to anxiety and fear. Given that selective degeneration of local GABAergic interneurons could lead to increased anxiety-like behavior, our aim was to test the efficacy of commercially available saporin-anti-vesicular GABA transporter conjugates (SAVA) and their ability to alter the parameters of anxiety-like behavior. For this purpose, adult male Wistar rats were divided into three experimental groups treated with different SAVA doses (20, 40 and 80 ng per injection site, 6 ani