Gut-brain axis

…stress exposure rapidly modulates gut-brain axis signalling including intestinal permeability and hippocampal plasticity. The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as an important modulator of mood and cognition, and microbially-produced metabolites such as butyrate can be a key regulator of brain and gut function via the gut-brain axis. The aim of this work is

…and then affects the brain along the gut-brain axis. In this study, we used Enterococcus faecium (EF), which was probiotics, that confer health benefits on the host when administered in adequate amounts. C57BL/6 mice, a model of PD induced by MPTP, were treated with EF (1ⅹ1012 CFU/mL). The study showed that motor dysfunction in MPTP-induced PD model mice improved. Additionally, EF was found to decrease the accumulation o

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Its strongest genetic risk factor is the e4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE), and risk scales with APOE-e4 load (e4/e4 > e4/e3 > e3/e3). APOE-e4 has been linked to distinct gut microbiome composition in murine models, but genotype effects on the human gut microbiome remain unclear. Here, we hypothesized differential gut microbiome composition in healthy, younger adults (20-35 years) with genetic AD risk (i.e., individuals carrying one copy of the APOE-e4 allele, APOE-e4/e3) compared to controls (i.e., APOE-e3/e3). We geno

Gut microbiome has strongly emerged as a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of stroke via gut-brain axis. However, it remains uncertain whether interventions that modulate gut microbiome can constitute a potent strategy to improve stroke outcome. The present study was carried out to explore interventions that affect stroke outcome through gut-brain axis.Eligibility criteria was applied base on PICO to search and select studies. Appropriate MESH-terms were used as search terms to source for information from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Ebsco, and Scopus from 1st January 1990 to 31s

…influence mood disorders via the gut-brain axis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a translational tool for investigating the connections between the gut microbiome and the brain, and there is evidence that FMT from humans to mice can induce changes in affective behavior. In this study, we compared the behavior, gut-brain metabolomic profiles, and

…Recently, the gut-brain axis has become the focus of research as various components of this axis appear to be altered in psychiatric illnesses including schizophrenia. Schizophrenic patients not only show reduced diversity in their microbiome compared to healthy controls, but also several parameters of elevated peripheral and central inflammation. The Poly I:C mouse model is based on epidemiological findings

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that is up to 90% idiopathic and occurs randomly in the population, possibly due to environmental factors. It is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain region called substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). This results in a range of motor and non-motor symptoms that severely impact the life quality of the affected individual. Studies have shown that gut dysbiosis in Parkinson's disease precedes neuronal degeneration, and our laboratory found that one of the environmental factors, dim light at nig

…of Lactobacillus sakei (Ls) on the gut-brain axis and explore the underlying molecular mechanism using a PD model. Probiotics were orally administered for four weeks after MPTP injection. The study observed that Ls significantly improved movement, includi

Overconsumption of ultra-processed food and sedentary lifestyle are the main causes of obesity, which in turn, increases the risk of developing metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychiatric diseases. Loss of control over food intake and binge eating often worsen as obesity progresses. Many studies have shown the effect of obesity on gut-microbiota composition and inflammation. However, less is known about microbiota and central adaptations occurring during the initial phases of body weight gain. To address this question, we used a rat model of binge eating, in which, rats (C/P) were fed twice a w

…contribution to NDs through the gut-brain axis. In fact, microbiota-derived metabolites, such as short chain fatty acids (SCFA), have been related t

Methylglyoxal (MGO), a potent dietary glycotoxin, serves as a key precursor to Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs), which have been linked to an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) exacerbation. Recognising the significance of lifestyle modifications, particularly nutritional interventions, in preventing brain deterioration, this study aimed to reveal the potentially harmful effects associated with a high-MGO diet on both brain and gut health.Our findings demonstrated MGO administration adversely affected working memory, inducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress by modulating t

Ulcerative colitis, a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, is often associated with mental health disorders exacerbated by chronic stress. Environmental enrichment has been shown to alleviate stress and inflammation in mice, therefore we hypothesized that it may mitigate the adverse behavioral and neurobiological outcomes associated with experimental colitis. To study this, male and female mice were kept in 2 different housing conditions, conventional small cages (SE) or an enriched environment (EE), for 8 weeks. Subgroups were treated with dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) to induce experimental c

…will discuss novel concepts about the gut-brain axis in mechanisms associated to peripheral adaptive immunity as therapeutic targets to mitigate the onset and the progression of Alzheimer’s disease and other form of dementia.

…the bidirectional communication of the gut-brain axis, affecting various aspects of homeostasis and pathophysiology. Until recently, the majority of studies that seek to explore the mechanisms underlying the microbiome-gut-brain axis cross-talk relied almost exclusively on animal models, and particularly gnotobiotic mice. Despite the great progress made with these models, various limitations, including ethical considerations and interspecies differences that limit the translatability of data to human systems, pushed researchers to seek fo

…in brain health and function via the gut-brain axis. Two keyenvironmental insults known to affect both brain function and behaviour, andthe gut microbiome, are poor diet and psychological stress. While there isstrong evidence for interactions between the microbiome and host physiology inthe context of ch

…findings supporting a “microbiome-gut-brain axis”, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie interactions between the gut microbiota and brain remain poorly understood. To uncover these, the Hsiao laboratory is mining the human microbiota for microbial modulators of host neuroactive molecules, investigating the impact of microbiota-immune system interacti