High-fat diet

…Using high fat diet as a model, this talk will explore how metabolic dysfunction impacts the regulation of cardiac tissue through robust inhibition of CVNs. Specifically, it will present an often overlooked modality of inhibition, tonic gamma-aminobuytric acid (GABA) A-type neurotransmission

Background:Diet-induced inflammation, particularly from high-fat (HF) diet, is widely recognized as a contributing factor to neurological impairments and neurodegenerative disorders. Melanotan-II (MT-II), which targets and activates melanotropin receptors, may exert neuromodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Yet, the role of melanotropins in countering the diet-induced effects remain largely unexplored.Objective:The study investigates the possible relationship among diet, Melanotan-II (MT-II), a melanotropin receptor analog, and the behavior of zebrafish (Danio rerio).Methods:Zebrafish wer

Nutrient composition in obesogenic diets may influence the severity of disorders associated with obesity such as insulin-resistance and chronic inflammation. Here we hypothesized that obesogenic diets rich in fat and varying in fatty acid composition, particularly in omega 6 (ω6) to omega 3 (ω3) ratio, have various effects on energy metabolism, neuroinflammation and behavior. Mice were fed either a control diet or a high fat diet (HFD) containing either low (LO), medium (ME) or high (HI) ω6/ω3 ratio. Mice from the HFD-LO group consumed less calories and exhibited less body weight gain compared

High fat diet (HFD) chronic intake induces metabolic syndrome in mice, characterized by a body weight increase and insulin resistance (IR). Furthermore, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly linked to metabolic syndrome appearance. Obesity is a risk factor in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, neuropsychiatric disorders and is associated with cognitive decline. DREAM/kchip3/calsenilin (DREAM) is a multifunctional protein that belongs to the neuronal Ca2+ sensor family. Previous studies have demonstrated the relevance of DREAM in nociception and in learning and memor

…We hypothesise that diet-induced obesity dysregulates lipid metabolism and promotes glial activation in a mouse model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD). In particular, we aim to study the role of altered lipid metabolism and neuroinflammation in response to short (12 weeks) and prolonged (14-16 months) high-fat diet (H

Intermittent fasting (IF), an alternating pattern of dietary restriction, reduces obesity-induced insulin resistance and inflammation. However, the crosstalk between adipose tissue and the hippocampus in diabetic encephalopathy is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the protective effects of IF against neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Histological analysis revealed that IF reduced crown-like structures and adipocyte apoptosis in the adipose tissue of HFD mice. In addition to circulating lipocalin-2 (LCN2) and galectin-3 (GAL3) levels, IF reduc

Administration of cannabinoids has been linked to changes in ingestive behaviours in rodents, in the form of hyperphagia or hypophagia. These effects have been attributed to the action of cannabinoid 1 receptors (CB1R) present in both the central nervous system and the digestive tract. While studies have observed that CB1R agonists and antagonist increase and decrease gross food intake respectively, the role of CB1R in other eating behaviours, such as food preference, is largely unknown. In two separate experiments, we tested the effects of stimulation of the CB1R located in two brain regions

…secondary to maternal calorie-rich high-fat diet consumption are considered key contributors to such developmental programming. Here, we show that non-nutritive sensory components of high-fat diet (HFD), beyond its hypercaloric, obesogenic effects, are sufficient to alter metabolic health in the offspring. To dissociate the caloric and sensory components of HFD, we fed dams a diet isonutritional to a normal chow diet but enriched with fat-related odors mimicking the sensory signature of a commonly us

…factor involved is the consumption of high-fat, high-palatability food. The prevalence of this disease has increased in all age groups, but the increase in children and youth is alarming. Food intake is controlled by brain areas involved in homeostatic and hedonic control, both systems being regulated by the GABAergic nucleus, lateral septum (LS). The LS neurons are regulated by several membrane receptors, where the regulation of food intake in an obese condition by μ-opioid receptor (MOR) has not been previously studied.This work aimed to e

…We will evaluate the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) and the impact of gender on behavioural, neurochemical and molecular markers associated with depression/anxiety.Male and female C57BL/6 mice, 6-weeks old, were given a 7-week HFD (60% fat). The behavioural tests performed were: open field test (OFT), novelty-suppressed feeding (NSF) test, sucrose preference test (SPT), and tail susp

High-fat diet (HFD) and obesity are associated with cognitive dysfunction, depression, and increased anxiety, impacting emotional and social behavior. Additionally, HFD affects the immune system, leading to low-level chronic inflammation involving microglia, the brain’s resident immune cells. Inhibiting microglia alters social behavior, and improves HFD-induced metabolic effects. Hence, this raises the question of whether microglial cells mediate HFD-dependent changes in behavioral outcomes.To investigate the effect of HFD-driven microglial activation on neuronal function, HFD adult CX3CR1GFP/

…by intermittent exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD). However, both HFD and stress can elevate neuroinflammation levels under specific conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the protective role of intermittent exposure to HFD on the increase in ethanol consumption induced by social stress. The neuroinflammatory response in the hippocampus and the striatum was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR of several gene expressions. Adult male OF1 mice were exposed to the repeated social def

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric ionotropic receptors composed of a combination of α and β subunits. Human genetic association and preclinical studies have shown a key role of α5 containing nAChRs (α5*nAChRs) in the risk to develop nicotine addiction. Tobacco smoking is highly comorbid with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorders. Interestingly, genetic variation at CHRNA5 has also been associated with higher body mass index (BMI) in never smokers, but lower BMI in current smokers, and increased appetence for food in rodents. Here we sought to investigate the role o

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expressing neurons in the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus (ARC), has a central role in regulating appetite and metabolism. It has been shown that activity changes in these neurons are necessary and sufficient to acutely regulate feeding behavior. TH neurons send dense intrahypothalamic axonal projections and make synaptic connections to paraventricular nucleus (PVN), which have been shown to be the key downstream target region. Since the ARCTH→PVN synaptic connection plays a crucial role in feeding, possible changes in the strength of this connection are also likely t

…environment, such as high fat diet (HFD), seems to impair Aβ catabolic function leading to the production of its neurotoxic species. In t

…mice using MK-801 (dizocilpine) and a high-fat diet. The results suggest that kynurenine metabolism is strongly biased towards

In obesity, disruption of gut-brain communication has been associated with overeating, body weight gain, and metabolism disorders. Vagal sensory neurons (VSN) relay nutrient-related signals from the gut to the brain, but how distinct, gut-innervating VSN subtypes are affected by obesity remains unclear. We employed an intersectional genetic approach to investigate obesity-induced functional changes in molecularly defined VSN subtypes that innervate the stomach and small intestine. We demonstrate that overexpression of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (Socs3), a crucial regulator of lepti

We aimed to develop and standardize a diet and rotenone-based animal model of Parkinson's disease. To achieve this, 21 days old male C57BL/6 mice were fed on a high-fat diet [HFD] (60%kcal) for 17 weeks; starting from week 11, animals were orally gavaged daily with 10mg/kg rotenone dose till the end of the 17th week. Further, they were subjected to behavioral tests (Rota-rod, Y maze, and fecal pellet output test). Fecal pellets were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing and animals were subsequently euthanized. Our data revealed that rotenone and its combination with HFD exhibited loss of motor fu

…in the brain-periphery crosstalk in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity model. Three-month-old C57BL/6J wild-type (Ptn+/+) and Ptn genetically deficient (Ptn−/−) mice were fed with standard chow diet or HFD (60% kcal fat) for 6 months. HFD-Ptn−/− mi

…model of Alzheimer disease (AD) and a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity model. Three-month-old wild type (WT) mice were fed with standard chow or HFD (60 Kcal % fat) for three months. MY10, an exogenous R

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by the appearance of amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles leading to the loss of neurons, cognitive impairments, and death. With 55 million affected people worldwide as of 2019 and an increasing prevalence in an aging society, AD poses a serious challenge for health care systems. Lacking reliable and non-invasive methods of early diagnosis, analyzing the early disease development is of utmost importance for the development of presymptomatic diagnostic tools and treatment options. Diabetes is one of the stro

Proopiomelanocortin neurons have been primarily described as controlling feeding behavior, but accumulating evidence also showed a crucial role of these neurons in the control of glucose homeostasis. For this, and in addition of being able to sense peripheral signals, POMC neurons receive direct upstream excitatory (glutamate) and inhibitory (GABA) inputs coming from a plethora of brain areas. Remarkably, EphrinBs (EphrinB1, B2, B3) proteins are well-known actor of glutamatergic synapse formation and plasticity. A study from our group showed that the modulation of EphrinB1 a during development

Hypothalamus is the center of energy metabolism and feeding behavior, and several hypothalamic neurotransmitters regulate energy homeostasis. Neurosecretory protein GL (NPGL) and neurosecretory protein GM (NPGM), were discovered as a novel neuropeptide from hypothalamus in 2014, induced obese phenotype owing to increased feeding behavior and lipogenesis in rats. However, the mechanisms of energy metabolism mediated by NPGL/NPGM system has not been totally elucidated. To investigate the loss of function of NPGL/NPGM system in mammals, we have established NPGL and NPGM double knockout mice (NPGL

Developed country diets rich in sugar and fat contribute to obesity by affecting both peripheral organs and the brain's appetite regulation. We assessed how diet composition impacts mice's body mass, cognitive function, and metabolism. Our goal was to investigate how diet affects learning in mice and identify potential brain-regulating metabolites. Mice were fed four diets: standard diet (STAND), high-sugar & high-fat diet (HSD), high-fat diet (HFD), ketogenic diet (KD), and mouse weight and food intake were measured weekly. After 8 weeks of dietary feeding, the IntelliCage system was used