Immunohistochemistry

…out histology (vibratome sectioning, immunohistochemistry, slide imaging), assists with bird colony care and supports ge

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most significant neurodegenerative diseases, and its effective treatment remains a challenge. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an androgen molecule, which in vitro protects against amyloid-ß (Aß) toxicity, and so might potentially improve cognitive functions. As steroid might influence wide range of processes both short (via membrane receptors) and long term (via intracellular receptors) we can expect beneficial effect already after one injection.Six months old male 3xTg-AD mice were treated intraperitoneally with DHEAS (a water-soluble sulphate salt of D

Adult neurogenesis, the process by which new neurons are generated in the adult brain, is a complex phenomenon with implications for brain development and plasticity throughout life. Adult mice and rats present neurogenic niches in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, which produce new granular neurons. Acomys cahirinusis a new mammalian regeneration model that features extraordinary regenerative abilities, including full section of injured spinal cord. Adult neurogenesis and how it potentially contributes to brain repair in A. cahirinus has not been addressed. Transgenic Cre recombinase-expr

The circadian system regulates the timing of multiple molecular, physiological, metabolic, and behavioral phenomena. In Drosophila as in other species, most of the research on how the timekeeping system in the brain controls timing of behavioral outputs has been conducted in males, or sex was not included as a biological variable. The main circadian pacemaker neurons in Drosophila, the small ventral lateral neurons (s-LNvs), also known as M-cells, release the neuropeptide Pigment Dispersing Factor (PDF), which functions as a key synchronizing factor in the network with complex effects on other

Brain banks provide small tissue samples to researchers, while gross-anatomy laboratories could provide complete brains, but these are preserved with solutions appropriate for gross-dissection, different from the classic neutral-buffered-formalin (NBF) used in brain banks. Our previous work in mice showed that two gross-anatomy laboratory solutions, a saturated-salt-solution (SSS) and an alcohol-formaldehyde-solution (AFS), preserve antigenicity of the main cellular markers. Our goal is now to compare the histology and antigenicity preservation of human brains fixed following: 1-brain bank pra

…rabies viral tracers, combined with immunohistochemistry, we investigated the presynaptic connectivity of these cells, in dif

In several neurodegenerative diseases, commonly referred to as tauopathies, pathological forms of the microtubule-associated protein tau spread in a prion-like manner from donor cells to surrounding (recipient) cells, which clinically correlates with the progressive decline in cognition and cell death. Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) regulates the endocytosis of tau in neurons and thus its subsequent spread. This LRP1-mediated endocytosis is depended upon regulation of actin. The major regulator of actin filament dynamics is tropomyosin, a family of proteins, shown to

Alzheimer’s disease, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline and accumulation of amyloid-plaques and neurofibrillary-tangles[1], begins with microstructural damage 10-20 years before cognitive symptoms appear[2]; developing novel non-invasive approaches to characterize early Alzheimer-specific patterns has great potential to improve diagnosis. Neuroinflammation accompanies plaque formation and is a potential target for early detection[2]. Here, we aimed to test advanced MRI-based inflammation biomarkers to capture microstructural differences between APP/PS1

Additional cell types, distinct from neuroepithelial cells, have been discovered in the lateral ventricle of the telencephalon during brain development. Certain cells inside the craniofacial mesenchyme are believed to originate from the neural crest, but the cells within the lateral ventricle have not yet been identified. In order to ascertain the identification of these cells, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on the cells in the lateral ventricle of E10.5 embryos. The scRNA-seq data were analyzed alongside transcript data from other brain-derived cells, enabling the identif

The spinal cord is integral to various functions within the central nervous system, including sensory, motor, visceral, and reflex mechanisms. While previous research has identified several neurochemical markers in the spinal cords of rodents, cats, mice, and humans, there is limited information regarding the distribution of the cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide in the human spinal cord. Additionally, the precise functions of CART in relation to sensory, motor, and limbic system processes remain incompletely understood. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the lo

Non-traumatic spinal cord injuries (NTSCI) constitute 66% of all spinal cord injuries (SCI) in neonates and infants in Australia, and their prevalence is increasing worldwide. NTSCI can result from various factors such as bony growths, vascular conditions, infections, immune disorders, and tumours. Despite efforts to address the root causes, the damage to the spinal cord itself remains untreatable. Research on NTSCI, especially in neonates and infants, is limited compared to traumatic SCI, and there is significant variability in available animal models.Given the scarcity of established neonata

How can short-lived molecules selectively maintain potentiation of synapses to sustain long-term potentiation (late-LTP) and long-term memory? One possibility, suggested by Francis Crick (Nature, 1984), is that continual interaction between synaptic molecules maintains the strengthening of activated synapses in the face of molecular turnover. Here, we tested the hypothesis that continual interaction between KIBRA, a postsynaptic scaffolding protein genetically linked to human memory performance, with the autonomously active, atypical PKC isoform PKMζ, maintains late-LTP and long-term memory. U

Apoptosis, a programmed, non-inflammatory type of cell death, is a key homeostatic mechanism in all organisms. In the nervous system of rodents, pronounced apoptotic neuronal loss takes place during the first days of life, and early neuronal activity is one of the essential factors regulating this process.The project aimed to investigate the effects of local neuronal silencing on postnatal apoptosis and cortical activity. New-born mice were implanted with drug-loaded polymers to achieve local and chronic neuronal inactivation in the somatosensory cortex. Subsequent combination of in vivo elect

Aim: Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers inflammatory response by activation and accumulation radical oxygen species (ROS). Cell therapy has no effective long term recovery outcomes due to presence of ROS in lesion site increase the death rate of transplanted cells.One efficient approach to address this issue is adding adjuvants like neurotrophic factors and antioxidants, among them melatonin has been reported to play a key role in neuroprotectection. The melatonergic treatment is remarkably associated with scavenger oxidative stress and cell proliferation. The purpose of this study is the impac

…we used RNAseq, mass-spectrometry, and immunohistochemistry to investigate the transcriptomic and proteomic consequences of Id2 (a regulator of bHLH transcription factors) and Ascl4 (a bHLH transcription factor)-induced wiring in adult hippocampal granule cells, which lead to the formation of mainly feedback and feedfo

…Cell was more vulnerable in CS using immunohistochemistry, looking specifically at motor lobules

…genitalia in different age groups.Immunohistochemistry was performed against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the lumbosacral enlargement and vulva of adult (60, 70 years) and elderly (84, 85 years) human cadaveric don

Background: We study dopaminergic neurons with specific emphasis on Parkinson’s disease. Our work involves implementing procedures for examining in vitro mouse primary dopaminergic neurons as well as dopaminergic neurons derived from human stem cells. Here we want to establish a continuous cell line model for fast and cost-effective production of human dopaminergic-like cells to be used in our studies. Aims: Differentiate SH-SY5Y cells into dopaminergic-like cells using Retinoic Acid. Optimize the differentiation protocol for highest yield of TH positive cells. Methods: Retinoic Acid is used t

The Locus coeruleus (LC), the main noradrenaline-producing nucleus in the brain, is affected in a wide range of neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Notably, the locus coeruleus-noradrenergic (LC-NA) system can be a therapeutic target through Vagus Nerve Stimulation. Transcutaneous auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (taVNS), an alternative technique that stimulates the auricular branch of the vagus nerve, is being studied as it’s less invasive, yet the nuanced neurocircuitry linking this branch of the vagus and LC remains unelucidated, as does the optimal

Resilience, defined as the ability to positively adapt to stress, is intricately linked to various neurobiological systems, with the noradrenergic (NE) system being a key player. As a primary modulator of the stress response, the NE system also holds significance in brain development, particularly during critical periods. Recent findings in both mice and humans have underscored its role in promoting resilience in the aftermath of stressful events during adulthood. Nonetheless, limited evidence exists regarding its involvement in resilience following child abuse.`To address this inquiry, we emp

…Using a combination of immunohistochemistry and computational analysis we have examined pathway differences between vulnerable and resistant neurons. How tau spreads across a synapse has been examined in vitro usin