Topic: marginal zone

The marginal zone (MZ) is the most superficial layer of the developing telencephalon which will become cell sparse adult cortical layer I. In this study the MZ in human and cynomologus monkey was examined on Nissl and immunohistochemically processed postmortem fetal brain tissue. From 7 to 13 postconceptional week (pcw) in human, and from embryonic day (E) 46 to 56 in monkey, large cells that express calbindin and calretinin were observed in the MZ, but the overall cell density was exceptionally low. At 15pcw and E64 cell density increased, and small cells that express calretinin, calbindin, s

The brain extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a physical framework and biochemical milieu for early (embryonic) morphogenetic and later (fetal and neonatal) histogenetic events. The specific ECM constituents and their dynamic spatial and temporal distribution at transcriptomics and protein levels were researched using RNAseq analysis and immunohistochemistry in 200 postmortem fetal and postnatal human brains. The ECM is especially prominent in the transiently voluminous histogenetic zones such as the neocortical preplate, subplate, and marginal zone. Still, it is also present in the smaller de

GABAergic neurons are produced outside cortical proliferative zones and migrate tangentially into the cortex using various routes, including the marginal zone (MZ). Analyzing Nissl and immunohistochemically processed postmortem brain tissue, we observed that between postconceptional week 15 and 20 in human, and between embryonic day 64 and 75 in the cynomolgus monkey, the width of the MZ doubled and the density of small cells expressing calretinin, calbindin, somatostatin and glutamate-decarboxylase (GAD) increased. We also observed that the major sources of these prospective GABAergic neurons

Cajal-Retzius neurons (CRNs) are among the first-born neurons in the neocortex and are critically involved in cortical layering during their transient lifetime. The molecular mechanisms behind early death of CRNs are still unclear but apoptosis is regulated by neuronal activity. During early development, CRNs are embedded into immature circuits where they mostly receive GABAergic inputs. Through immunohistochemistry and high-resolution confocal imaging, we quantified GABAergic synapse localizations across cortical layers during development in early postnatal mice and compared the GABAergic pro