Biochemistry ePosters

Understanding how neurons regulate their protein composition to refine synaptic connections across millimeters of space provides critical insights into the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity. The discovery of local protein synthesis in subcellular compartments has shown how neuronal activity can locally meet the…

Astrocytes play a crucial role in regulating synaptic strength and orchestrating synaptic plasticity, which is fundamental for learning and memory. However, the specific mechanisms by which astrocytes and their neuroactive transmitters, like D-serine, control these processes remain largely unexplored. D-serine, a…

Neurons use a variety of strategies, including local protein synthesis and pre-established protein pools inside dendrites, to maintain the dynamic proteome requirements for appropriate synaptic activity. While certain proteins have local mRNA that allows for on-demand synthesis at the synapse, the vast majority do…

Memory and learning are significantly influenced by long-term changes in synaptic strength, though the exact molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The postsynaptic density (PSD) is a critical component for storing and organizing synaptic long-term changes. The PSD itself is organized into complex nano-clusters, which…

Parkinson's disease (PD), characterized by the absence of dopamine in the striatum[1], is caused by the death of the substantia nigra pars compacta dopamine (SNcDA) neurons in the midbrain. The loss of these autonomously pacemaking[2] neurons is attributed to irreparable damage due to a dysregulation cascade starting…

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and obesity correlate with cognitive impairment, heightening the susceptibility to cognitive decline and dementia. Noteworthy, cognitive impairment exacerbates weight management challenges in MetS, giving rise to a "cognitive decline-MetS" loop. Indeed, various cognitive and affective…

The proportion of aged individuals in the general population is increasing, and non-communicable diseases like obesity are major contributors to mortality in older individuals. The WNIN/Ob obese rat exhibits a significantly reduced average lifespan of 15 months. Exploring molecular and biochemical characteristics of…

Dementia, a complex, incurable clinical syndrome marked by progressive cognitive decline, encompasses various types, with Alzheimer's disease (AD) being the most prevalent. The annual increase in AD cases underscores the urgency for innovative antidementia treatments. Mansorin A (MA) and mansonone G (MG) exhibit…

WNT signaling is aberrantly activated in human tumors including gliomas. Promoter methylation and expression of WNT pathway’s negative regulators, DKK1 and DKK3, and positive, GSK3β, together with two signaling antagonists, SFRP1 and SFRP3, were investigated in human gliomas. Gliomas, paired blood and FFPE slides were…

Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are crucial phenomena in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). Oxotremorine-M (Oxo), a non-selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptors agonist, exerts neurotrophic functions in primary neurons and modulates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation phenomena in rat brain.…

Dopamine-dependent cyclic AMP accumulation occurs via activation of D1-like receptors since early development of the chicken retina. Cyclic AMP is an ubiquitous second messenger that regulates several physiological processes including neuronal survival and differentiation. The mTOR pathway is a crucial pathway linking…

Arginase 2 (Arg2), an arginine-metabolizing, mitochondrial enzyme, has been recently found to be enriched in the striatum, and progressive loss of Arg2 has been proposed as a potential factor contributing to the pathogenesis of Huntington’s disease (HD), a disorder primarily involving this region of the brain.…

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease, defined by motor neuron loss, muscle paralysis, and death. ALS individuals often present alterations in cardiovascular function that may evolve into heart failure and death. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are key players in ALS…

Primary mitochondrial diseases (PMDs) associate with pediatric neurological disorders and are traditionally related to oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) defects in neurons. Interestingly, both PMD mouse models and patients also show gliosis, and pharmacologic depletion of microglia, the brain resident innate…

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. Despite advancements in diagnostic methods, early detection remains challenging. Metabolomic analysis offers a promising, non-invasive approach to identify potential biomarkers for improved diagnostic precision.Cerebrospinal…

Introduction: Neurotrypsin (NT) is a neuronal trypsin-like serine protease whose mutations cause severe mental retardation in humans. NT is activated in vitro by Hebbian-like conjunction of pre- and postsynaptic activities, which promote the formation of dendritic filopodia via proteolytic cleavage of the proteoglycan…

A link between type 2 diabetes mellitus and neurodegeneration has been suggested for decades. Diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction has been linked to chronic hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, cholinergic dysfunction, and neuronal degeneration. We investigated the neuroprotective activity of a…

The liver, responsible for regulating the metabolism of the body; the kidney, the most important organ for waste elimination, and the spleen, in charge of filtering the blood and producing lymphocytes, are now considered to have clearance functions in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) eliminating Aβ from the brain. In the…

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder that gradually deteriorates cognitive abilities and leads to the inability to carry out simple tasks. However, the molecular mechanisms and causes of this disease are still unclear. This research aims to use the proteomic signature of the 5xFAD AD mouse…

Aims. Acute consumption of sweeteners has become increasingly common in modern diets. However, emerging research suggests that the impact of sweeteners on the hypothalamus, involved in regulating food intake [CA1] and metabolism, may be deleterious. Several studies have raised concerns about their potential effects on…

Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for developing atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative disorders, however the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Protein Kinase R-like Endoplasmic Reticulum Kinase (PERK) signaling is one of the molecular pathways thought to be involved in hyperlipidemia-driven…

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex disorder and multiple molecular mechanisms are involved in AD onset and progression. Recent evidences have suggested that metabolic alterations are an important pathological feature in AD. Likewise, diabetes and obesity, two metabolic illnesses, are risk factors for AD. These two…

Gangliosides, complex membrane glycosphingolipids, engage in a variety of inter- and intracellular interactions, and play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Another membrane constituent, leptin receptor (LepR), modulates feeding behavior by influencing signaling…

Accumulation of heavy metals (Mn and Ni) and prolonged exposure to stress are associated with adverse health outcomes. Various studies have elucidated individually the impacts of stress and metal exposures on brain constituents and function. However, no study has examined the effects of co-exposure to stress, Mn, and…