Topic: aerobic glycolysis

Microglia activation is a metabolically demanding process that implies the transition to a pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotype. During inflammation, microglia undergo metabolic reprogramming to meet their energy needs. Thus, the pro-inflammatory phenotype derives its energy mainly from aerobic glycolysis, whereas the anti-inflammatory phenotype depends on oxidative phosphorylation. The modulation of metabolic pathways in activated microglia could change their phenotype. Exogenously administered agmatine pretreatment (Agm, 100 µM) modulates the Lps-activated BV-2 microglial cell line towards an

Age-related decline in brain glucose utilization might stem from noradrenergic system dysfunction, which governs brain metabolism and could play a role in age-related cognitive decline. Noradrenaline released from these neurons triggers intracellular Ca2+ and cAMP signals in astrocytes, facilitating glucose uptake, glycogen degradation, and aerobic glycolysis, producing lactate as an end-product. During heightened brain activity, lactate is transferred from astrocytes to neurons to serve as fuel. The extent to which noradrenergic regulation of brain cell metabolism is impaired in aged brains a

Microglia are metabolically flexible cells able to respond to environmental changes by reprogramming their intracellular metabolic pathway subsequently altering immune function. Exposure to inflammatory stimuli increases microglial reliance on aerobic glycolysis, a key metabolic adaptation required for their pro-inflammatory activation. There is evidence that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activates hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) via its target mTOR, and HIF-1α is known for its regulatory function in metabolism and immunity. Therefore, we investigated agmatine (Agm) as a potential modula

The brain is one of the most active metabolic organs. Indeed, weighing 2% of total body weight, it consumes up to 20% of the energy. Most of the brain energy comes from glucose catabolism, resulting in the production of ATP and lactate. Brain lactate is mainly produced by astrocytes through a process called aerobic glycolysis, while neurons, being high oxidative cells, preferentially use mitochondrial respiration to produce ATP. In this frame, astrocytes provide lactate to neurons, in a process called astrocytes to neurons lactate shuttle. Lactate is not only important as a metabolic support i