Gut microbiota

…in the brain then spreads to the gut, or conversely begins in the gut then spreads to the brain, via the peripheral nervous system. The gut microbiota has been implicated in PD, and early dysbiosis and a-syn accumulation in the gut have been reported in ‘body-first’ PD. However, it is unclear if these events also occur in ‘brain-first’ PD. Here we investigated whether alterations

…stress exposure rapidly modulates gut-brain axis signalling including intestinal permeability and hippocampal plasticity. The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as an important modulator of mood and cognition, and microbially-produced metabolites such as butyrate can be a key regulator of brain and gut function via the gut-brain axis. The aim of this work is

…Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is a risk factor for MS. Probiotic strains can modulate the microbiota composition and are considered a therapeutic approach for MS.This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of Enterococcus faecium L-3 (E.faecium), a probiotic strain, in modulating gut microbiota, intestinal morphology, and immune responses within an EAE rat

…that α-synuclein accumulates in the gut and then affects the brain along the gut-brain axis. In this study, we used Enterococcus faecium (EF), which was probiotics, that confer health benefits on the host when administered in adequate amounts. C57BL/6 mice, a model of PD induced by MPTP, were treated with EF (1ⅹ1012 CFU/mL). The study showed that motor dysfunction in MPTP-induced PD model mice improved. Additionally, EF was found to decrease the accumulation o

Gut microbiota perturbation and motor dysfunction have been reported in steatosis patients. Rats with mild liver damage (MLD) also show motor dysfunction mediated by neuroinflammation and altered GABAergic neurotransmission in the cerebellum. The extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EVs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic proxy whose molecular basis rely partly upon TGFbeta action. Therefore, this study aimed to assess if MSC-EVs improve motor dysfunction in rats with MLD and analyze underlying mechanisms, including the role of EVs, TGFbeta, neuroinflammation, and gut m

…suggest the critical influence of the gut microbiota on the brain impacting on behaviour and mental health. For example, the absence of gut microbes in experimentally derived germ-free mice results in impaired behaviours including reduced or complete lack of social interactions. Conversely, supplementation of deficient gut microbiota with probiotics and/or specific bacterial strains can restore social function. Despite a surge in such correlative

…is associated with changes in the gut microbiota. Thus, the gut-brain-interaction became a promising treatment-target for depression, even though the mechanisms underlying this bidirectional regulation are still not fully understood. To this point, all existing studies investigated the impact of modulating the gut microbiota on depressive symptoms but neglected the other way around. To address this direction, we used electroc

The vast amount of gut microbiota demonstrates the ability to modulate brain function. Unlike the brain, the gut microbiota is highly accessible to direct interventions such as prebiotics, probiotics and antibiotics, and can be manipulated by lifestyle choices including diet. The dendrites of neurons are the main input compartment, and proper dendritic growth and arborization are critical for the proper functioning of the central nervous system. Most studies of dendritic growth have shown that the dendritic growth process is extremely dynamic. Although there is some evidence that the gut micro

…The gut microbiota is now recognized as a potential participant in the pathogenesis of PD. This study aims to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus sakei (Ls) on the gut-brain axis and explore the underlying molecular mechanism using a PD model. Probiotics were orally administered for four weeks after MPTP injection. The study observed that Ls significantly improved movement, includi

Consequences of children brain exposure to radiation (doses ≤ 2 Gy) are not clearly established. The advent of computed tomography scans use for head exploration as well as a recent increase in the use of interventional neuroradiology in pediatrics raised the need to improve our knowledge of these effects. To understand how irradiation may affect the developing brain, we previously developed models of either whole brain or hippocampal dorsal dentate gyrus irradiation in ten-day-old male mice (doses ≤ 2 Gy) and demonstrated some alterations in adult mice behavior and in hippocampal neurogenesis

Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents a complex challenge, increasingly linked to the gut microbiota’s role in its development. This study examines changes in the gut microbiome of AD patients, focusing on the reduction of certain bacteroides strains and their metabolite, MEDICA, known for anti-inflammatory effects. However, its direct influence on AD pathology is unclear. We suggest that MEDICA supplementation might improve cognitive function by interacting with the brain-gut axis. To explore this, we assessed the impact of MEDICA on amyloid plaque formation and neuroinflammation. Our results ind

…with significant changes in the gut microbiota composition. Most importantly, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) from resilient to vulner

Alterations along the brain-gut axis participate in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Recent data suggest that the gut microbiota partially exerts its action by modulating neuroinflammation. Interestingly, neuroinflammation has been postulated as one of the leading causes of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Therefore, targeting brain inflammation has been suggested as a promising therapeutic strategy to cope with AD. In this regard, neuroinflammation has been related to the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzyme, which is upregulated in the brains of AD patients and mice models of AD. C

The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining the physical and mental well-being of the host. It is influenced by diverse factors, including pesticides. Glyphosate, a globally used herbicide, is understood to be harmless to humans as it targets the shikimate pathway, which is absent in animal cells. However, this idea is now being challenged as research suggests that glyphosate may negatively affect the pathway in microorganisms residing in the gut, such as gut bacteria, which could have an impact on the host. Former research has tested either high dose exposure for toxicological effe

…play a significant role in shaping microbiota composition and gut-barrier function (1). However, the exact pathways and mechanisms are still elusive. We therefore investigated the involvement of functional IL-6 signaling in the bilateral communication between primary afferent neurons and gut microbiota.Transgenic mice with a conditional depletion of gp130 in neurons ex

The role of dysregulated gut microbiota (GM) is widely recognized as relevant to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), particularly in case of non-motor symptoms such as depression and anhedonia. Most transgenic mouse models of PD, however, don’t exhibit clinically relevant dysbiosis. Here, for the first time, we present the GM composition and depression-like behavior in Hualpha-Syn(A53T) transgenic mice, line G2-3, which over-express human α-synuclein and are the only model of PD that exhibits prodromal constipation. Additionally, we investigated whether sharing social microenvironmen

Stroke is currently the second leading cause of death worldwide, and it accounts for approximately 3-7% of total healthcare expenditures worldwide. Cerebral ischemic stroke has known to cause irreversible damage to the brain by variety mechanisms of excitotoxicity and apoptosis within hours after hypoxic challenge. Recent evidence suggests that a ketogenic diet may reduce infarct volume and neuronal damage in ischemic stroke models. However, the connection between physiological changes induced by the diet with the pathological alterations in hypoxic susceptibility remains unclear. In this rese

The gut microbiota is composed of a very large number of bacteria, viruses, fungi and yeasts that play an important role in the body, through the production of a series of metabolites (including neurotransmitters), and through an essential role in the barrier function of the gut and the regulation of immunity and stress response. In this lecture I will present, based mainly on human studies but also on preclinical studies, the evidence for a role of the gut microbiota in the development of alcohol use disorder. I will show the first results of trials to test the effects of nutritional approach