Cognitive impairment

Cognitive impairment is a risk factor for falls, particularly true in the elderly due to age-related decline. Chronic drug consumption, often encountered in elder, has been reported to increase this risk, although underlying mechanisms remain to be uncovered (cumulative effect due to chronic use or increased half-life/higher sensitivity). Among opioid drugs mostly prescribed in elderly within European countries, tramadol is associated to risk of falls. Herein, we investigated the different types of cognitive processes affected after acute or chronic tramadol administration. We conducted a 6-we

…may experience at least subtle cognitive impairment. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between respiratory insufficiency and cognitive impairment in ALS patients. Cognitive assessment, clinical and demographic information were retrieved for 75 patients with ALS from the medical records of the Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana. All patients underwent clinical examination, including respiratory

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is expressed in the brain and impacts physiological several activities. Dysregulation of the RAS may be associated with a wide spectrum of brain diseases defined by severe neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and age-related pathophysiological processes. The CAG-hACE2 transgenic mice were designed to express the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor, which is involved in the RAS. However, the relevance of ACE2 at the brain level remains unclear. The purpose of our research is to characterize CAG-hACE2 transgenic mice of both sexes, females an

…pathologies, possibly contributing to cognitive impairment. EA has been observed in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. However, a direct causal link between EA and cognitive impairment remains elusive. A significant issue is the lack of a pure EA model for invest

Recent findings reveal an increased risk of cognitive impairment in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). To better understand the interactions between CKD and neurodegenerative diseases, twenty Sprague Dawley rats underwent either 5/6 Nephrectomy (Nx) or Sham operation through random allocation at two different time onsets: six or twelve weeks of age. Twenty-four weeks after surgery, renal function and histopathological parameters were evaluated. The 5/6Nx rats showed increased blood creatinine and urea levels as well as kidney inflammation at both time onsets. This renal damage appe

…(BBB) dysfunction and implicate cognitive decline in the hippocampus. BBB comprises endothelial cells attached with tight junctions to protect pathogens in circulation through the brain parenchyma. Interestingly, melatonin, a neurohormone secreted from pineal gland, is a neuroprotective effect and plays a vital role in learning and memory. T

…has been described, among which cognitive impairment is one of the most relevant.Several studies show that interventions focused on cognitive stimulation can play an important role in preventing or delaying the onset of dementia in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. In this perspective, we aimed at investigating the synaptic mechanisms mediating the effects of cognitive enrichment in two mouse models

…of IF against neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Histological analysis revealed that IF reduced crown-like structures and adipocyte apoptosis in the adipose tissue of HFD mice. In addition to circulating lipocalin-2 (LCN2) and galectin-3 (GAL3) levels, IF reduc

Cognitive impairment and disturbed excitatory-inhibitory balance in the brain have been linked to severe psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia, affective disorders, and autism spectrum disorders. Erythropoietin (EPO) may have a role in mitigating them by rectifying hippocampal transcriptional networks and synaptic architectures of pyramidal lineages when administered to juvenile mice. How EPO involves interneurons to rebuild synapses is an impending puzzle. After examining ~12,000 single-nuclei transcriptomic data, we generated a comprehensive molecular atlas of hippocampal interneurons,

…dose can serve as a viable model for cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease via a disruption of glucose and energy metabolism in the brain, accompanied by oxidative stress and a concurrent impact on cognitive function. The aim of this study is to evaluate the behavioral results of once or twice injections of the ICV STZ administration methods. ICV guide cannulas were placed unil

…is characterized by recurrent strokes, cognitive decline, migraines with aura, epilepsy, gait disturbances, and psychiatric problems. This study investigated the clinical features and NOTCH3 mutations in Cypriot CADASIL patients to identify genotype-phenotype correlations. Nineteen genetically confirmed CADASIL patients (10 males,

…risk of depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment, exacerbating the global health issue of age-related cognitive decline. Research on the effects of SI in older animals is limited. However, in humans, the negative effects of SI become more pronounced with age, with a particularly strong effect on males. Our study examines the impact of SI on cogn

…and morbidity, including long-lasting cognitive impairment – linked to disrupted brain connectivity. Phospholipids (PL) are key components of cellular membranes, also essential for synaptic structural integrity. It has been shown that the multi-nutrient combination Souvenaid® which contains PL precursors, improves neurological outcomes in experimental TBI. We hypothesised that this intervention could support brain recovery, and we tested the feasibility of providing this multi-nutrient to TBI patients.In a randomised, placebo-controlle

…to robust and prolonged deficits in cognitive functions and mimic neurobiological deficits found in schizophrenia. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inhibition has been identified as an important treatment for cognitive impairment in diverse neuropsychiatric diseases. However, whether GSK-3β inhibition rescues the cognitive deficits in a model of NMDA receptor hypofunction is unknown. This study examined the acute and sub-chronic effects of GSK-3β inhibition

Aims: Nuclear pore complex proteins (Nups) play critical roles in cell type-specific gene regulation by orchestrating lineage specification and maintenance of cellular state. However, their roles in adult brain remain largely elusive, especially in post-mitotic functional neurons. Accurate spatio-temporal regulation of neuronal gene programs is vital for neuronal plasticity and ultimately for learning and memory. We hypothesize that Nups play critical roles in neuronal plasticity and cognition through gene regulation. Methods: To address the importance of Nups for cognition and memory, we cond

…treatment, have prominent cognitive impairment. Moreover, the depression patients with cognitive impairment could be a risk factor for dementia following aging. The lower aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR)-mediated activity and GABAB receptor (GABABR)-mediated activity was observed in prefrontal cortex (PFC) of patients with depression. Furthermore, the concentrations declined of both GABA in the PFC following the aging and at beginning of the mid-age has been found, suggesting the GABAergic sy

The balance between excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system is fundamental for its development and optimal functioning, with defective and/or altered GABAergic signalling (through Cl-permeable GABAA receptors) found implicated in diverse neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. A major role in the maintenance of the excitation and inhibition balance is played by the Na+-dependent Cl-importer NKCC1 and the Na+-independent Cl-exporter KCC2. These cation chloride co-transporters modulate the intracellular chloride concentration and they are dysregulated or mutated in a wide v

…small vessel disease (CSVD) and with cognitive impairment. In participants of the Maastricht Study, a population-based cohort study oversampled with type 2 diabetes (age=59.

…Scientists have reported cognitive impairment in ApoE-KO mice, with cholinergic deficits, decreased synaptic excitability. In the present study, we investigated the difference between the b

To identify patterns of structural networks associated with cognitive phenotypes detected with robotic technology in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Network analysis was performed using multimodal MRI from TLE patients (n=22) and healthy subjects (n=20). Five tests with the Kinarm robot were used to evaluate five cognitive domains. Four graph theory metrics were computed to characterize structural networks. Structural and cognitive phenotypes were identified using an unsupervised learning algorithm, and the association between them evaluated. Three cognitive clusters were identifie

Major neurocognitive disorder (NCD) affects over 55 million people worldwide and is characterized by cognitive impairment (CI). This study aimed to develop a non-invasive diagnostic test for CI based upon retinal thickness measurements explored in a mouse model. Discrimination indices and retinal layer thickness of healthy C57BL/6J mice were quantified through a novel object recognition test (NORT) and ocular coherence tomography (OCT), respectively. Based on criteria from the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5th ed. (DSM-V), a diagnostic test was generated by transforming

Gray matter damage underlies progressive cognitive impairment (CI) in multiple sclerosis (MS). To identify transcriptome changes associated with CI, we analyzed the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a brain region relevant for cognition, at the acute phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a well-established mouse model of MS. High-throughput RNA-sequencing coupled with bioinformatics analyses highlighted the significant up-regulation of cytokine-mediated and inflammatory pathways in the PFC of EAE-mice. Heat-map representation of the top 100 regulated genes indicated the presence of

…(TRAP) has proven to negatively affect cognitive and behavioral development in children. Among different types of air pollutants, particulate matter (PM) is the one most linked with these adverse consequences. On the other hand, APOE is a polymorphic human gene that has three different alleles (e2, e3, e4), being the e3 the most prevalent allele in general population. Moreover, the e4 allele has been associated with increased risk of Alzhei

…tau phosphorylation and worsen cognitive impairment in AD patients. However, the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Therefore, we have analyzed the effects of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1D in a mouse model of AD (APP/PS1) in terms of metabolic impairment, cortical tau phosphorylation and cognition at 26 weeks of age, when the pathology is fully established. When all groups under stud